MARKETS VS. MANAGEMENT: WHAT ‘DRIVES’ PROFITABILITY?

This study addresses the issue of the relative degree of variance in ROA accounted for by industry, corporate, and SBU effects while controlling for the business cycle and the interaction between the business cycle and industry. Two key articles, Schmalensee (1985) and Rumelt (1991), are discussed in detail. Research results on a recent data base (COMPUSTAT), using variance components analysis (VARCOMP) are presented that not only confirm most of the Rumelt (1991) findings, but also suggest the existence of a corporate effect, heretofore undetected.     

Consumer identity and marketing implications: Indian urban youth

Youth consumption has been an area of research interest as well as societal concern. Globalization and proliferation of media have been cited as the main reasons for rise in consumption, especially among youth. This paper has examined how the Indian Urban youth represent their Consumer Identities through their narratives. In 1991, India opened up to Globalization and its effect on the youth consumption is now wide spread. Studies in other parts of the world have shown youth to be ‘Raving Hedonists’ and ‘Squanderer’ as well as Rational and Economical Consumers. An empirical approach was taken to establish the typology of Indian Youth Consumers. Empirical data for this research was collected by conducting in‐depth interviews in 2013, covering various states of India, with students in the age group of eighteen to twenty three years, who are financially dependent on their parents. Forty in‐depth interviews, representing thirteen distinct linguistic identities were conducted and analysed. Studies done in other parts of the world such as UK, Finland, Norway and Belgium have established typologies of youth consumers such as Hedonist, Squanderer, Rational and Economical Consumer Identities. While these Consumer Identities exist among Indian Urban Youth, the researchers have identified additional Consumer Identity Typologies of Reluctant, Dependent and Aspirant Consumers. The youth in India is somewhat similar to youth elsewhere and yet has its own distinction as consumers. The fact that India has a very high youth population makes this study significant.     

Consuming apart,together: the role of multiple identities in sustainable behaviour

Although consumers’ awareness of the environmental and ethical consequences of their behaviour has grown, research on the role of multiple consumer identities in sustainability behaviours is scarce. The aim of the current study was to explain sustainable behaviour from a social identity perspective. We conducted a longitudinal cross‐national within‐subjects design consumer study in six countries (T1, N=3083; T2, N=1440). The results indicate that environmental sustainability can comprise several distinct yet overlapping sustainable behaviours. Multiple social identities seem to play different roles in these different behaviours. Therefore, efforts to enhance different sustainability behaviours are challenging yet promising. Once consumers incorporate a sustainable behaviour, it becomes part of their own identity and could lead to spill over effects on other closely related sustainable behaviours.     

企业债务的经济效应检验*

整体债务问题在中国相当严峻,其中企业债务问题也日益突出。本文利用中国工业企业统计数据,研究企业债务对经济发展的影响,着重研究了研发效应、生产率效应和规模效应,发现企业债务对研发投入、全要素生产率和企业规模的影响皆存在着显著的非线性关系。虽然在个别方面能起到正向作用,但其主体作用是负的。目前中国的企业债务水平很高,而且负债增长速度也很快,这无疑将会给中国经济发展带来非常严重的负面影响,且会不断积累高负债引致的高风险。     

公司型风险投资增加了新创企业的价值吗*

本文以我国中小板2007-2014年间有风险投资机构参与的上市公司为样本,分析了公司型风险投资机构对新创企业价值增值的影响。研究发现,与独立风险投资（IVC）相比,公司型风险投资参与的上市公司在IPO时获得的估值较低,并且在上市短期（1年）内的经营绩效较差。而当公司型风险投资中的母公司与新创企业之间存在战略协同时,会对公司的价值增值产生显著的正效应,且这种正效应并不完全来自于CVC卓越的项目挑选能力。根据实证研究结论,本文提出了一些建议,希望能促进我国公司型风险投资更好地发展。     

Theorising digital personhood: a dramaturgical approach

This paper reports on findings from a study which investigates our digital identities. Through examination of the process of constructing biographical films derived from users’ social media (SM) data, we progress understanding of the digital self. Building on dramaturgical understandings of performance of self, we challenge the dominant views which argue that SM users operating as their ‘authentic selves’ can be empowered by having the potential for contemporaneous multiple selves. Through the introduction of the concepts of SM leakage and multiple temporal selves, we note the challenge of living with these digital self-representations which are sustained over time. We propose strategies for dealing with temporal shifts, as well as dispensing with the notion of the separation of these selves.     

Becoming respectable: low-income young mothers,consumption and the pursuit of value

Teenage mothers find themselves caught between two discourses: the irresponsibility of youth and the responsibility of motherhood. We unravel some of the complexities surrounding the performance of socially approved ‘good mothering’, from a social position of restricted resources. We demonstrate the relevance of Skeggs’ notion of respectability in order to forge a deeper understanding of how young, low-income new mothers seek to secure social value and legitimacy via the marketplace. We identify a number of consumption strategies centred around identification and dis-identification, yet we recognise that young mothers’ careful marshalling of resources, in relation to consumption, risks being misread and could leave young women open to further scrutiny and negative evaluation, ultimately limiting their opportunity to secure a legitimate maternal identity.     

Lessening the divide in foreign subsidiaries: The influence of localization on the organizational commitment and turnover intention of host country nationals

The retention of host country nationals (HCNs) has become a key challenge for many foreign subsidiaries of multinational enterprises. This study examines whether localization, the replacement of expatriates with HCNs, could serve as a counter-strategy to increase the organizational commitment and reduces the turnover intention among HCNs. Based on social identity theory, we have developed a model to explain the heterogeneous nature of this influence on HCNs depending on different individual-level characteristics, e.g., gender, educational level, organizational tenure, and managerial position. Survey results from 197 Chinese white-collar employees showed that localization increases organizational commitment, which in turn reduces their turnover intention. This tendency was the strongest among male and highly educated employees. Practical and theoretical implications are further discussed.     

The Social Identity Approach to Effective Leadership: An Overview and Some Ideas on Cross-Cultural Generalizability

When employees identify with the groups and organizations they work for, this typically has positive implications for work-related attitudes and behaviors. The present paper provides a focused overview of the social identity approach to leadership and some ideas on its cross-cultural generalizability. To this end, we will first outline the basic tenets of the social identity approach and summarize the relations of organizational identification with work-related variables. Then, we will discuss the role of social identity-related concepts for effective leadership. In particular, we will present empirical studies on the following three aspects: (1) the transfer of leader identification onto their followers, (2) the role of leader prototypicality, and (3) the ways for leaders to actively manage the identities of the groups they lead. Finally, we will provide some suggestions on how to implement the principles of identity management into practice and offer suggestions for future research, with a special focus on China.     

企业社会责任对员工角色外行为的影响机制

文章旨在揭示企业社会责任对内部利益相关者的行为的影响效果及影响机制,为此,把员工角色外行为作为结果变量,把员工关于企业社会责任的共享知觉(企业社会责任)作为自变量,把员工对组织的信任(组织信任)作为中介变量,探讨企业社会责任对员工角色外行为的直接影响,以及组织信任在两者之间的中介效应。通过对80家企业的696名在职员工进行问卷调查,采用多层线性模型技术对样本数据进行统计分析,文章研究发现,员工关于企业自发责任(针对社会和非社会组织、消费者和员工的责任)的共享知觉对员工角色外行为有显著的影响,而且组织信任在两者关系中起部分中介作用,相反,员工关于企业基本责任(对政府的责任)的共享知觉对员工角色外行为的影响不显著,对组织信任的影响也不显著。基于研究结论,文章提出了相应的管理建议和未来的研究方向。