文化旅游与民族旅游:一种理论概观

民族旅游、文化旅游近年来受到学界极大的关注，成为比较热门的研究话题。探讨了有关这2种旅游形式的基本概念，旅游、文化、涵化，介绍了西方一些学者对文化旅游、民族旅游的阐释，希望有助于文化旅游与民族旅游的理论构架。     

盾构机姿态参数测量技术研究

根据三点决定一个平面的原理,通过在盾构机中体上布置测量控制点,对其三维坐标进行测量;根据空间解析几何原理,推导出盾构机刀盘中心三维坐标以及俯仰角、横摆角、扭转角的计算方法。文章利用计算机的伪随机函数对盾构机姿态参数的测量精度进行了模拟评价,探讨了提高测量精度的方法。结果表明,盾构姿态参数的测量误差均服从正态分析;采用精度为3mm的激光经纬仪测量控制点坐标,得到的盾构姿态参数的误差范围比规范要求小得多。     

On estimating the reliability after sequentially estimating the mean: The exponential case

Sequential estimation problems for the mean parameter of an exponential distribution has received much attention over the years. Purely sequential and accelerated sequential estimators and their asymptotic second-order characteristics have been laid out in the existing literature, both for minimum risk point as well as bounded length confidence interval estimation of the mean parameter. Having obtained a data set from such sequentially designed experiments, the paper investigates estimation problems for the associatedreliability function. Second-order approximations are provided for the bias and mean squared error of the proposed estimator of the reliability function, first under a general setup. An ad hoc bias-corrected version is also introduced. Then, the proposed estimator is investigated further under some specific sequential sampling strategies, already available in the literature. In the end, simulation results are presented for comparing the proposed estimators of the reliability function for moderate sample sizes and various sequential sampling strategies.     

Restricted maximum likelihood estimation under Eisenhart model Ill

For a balanced two-way mixed model, the maximum likelihood (ML) and restricted ML (REML) estimators of the variance components were obtained and compared under the non-negativity requirements of the variance components by L ee and K apadia (1984). In this note, for a mixed (random blocks) incomplete block model, explicit forms for the REML estimators of variance components are obtained. They are always non-negative and have smaller mean squared error (MSE) than the analysis of variance (AOV) estimators. The asymptotic sampling variances of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimators and the REML estimators are compared and the balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) is considered as a special case. The ML estimators are shown to have smaller asymptotic variances than the REML estimators, but a numerical result in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) demonstrated that the performances of the REML and ML estimators are not much different in the MSE sense.     

城市绿化的价值取向分析与质量提升路径

一切非自然的植被恢复都是人工绿化.任何城市绿化景观表象的背后,往往都反映着这个城市在绿化建设方面的某种精神追求和文化品味.因此,城市绿化景观既是物质文明现象,又是一种精神文化现象.分析目前城市绿化现状,其隐含的价值取向无非有三种趋向,即:景观绿化;生态绿化;人文绿化.未来的城市绿化质量提升有三条路径.     

MSE-improvement of the least squares estimator by dropping variables

It is well known that dropping variables in regression analysis decreases the variance of the least squares (LS) estimator of the remaining parameters. However, after elimination estimates of these parameters are biased, if the full model is correct. In his recent paper, Boscher (1991) showed that the LS-estimator in the special case of a mean shift model (cf. Cook and Weisberg, 1982) which assumes no “outliers” can be considered in the framework of a linear regression model where some variables are deleted. He derived conditions under which this estimator outperforms the LS-estimator of the full model in terms of the mean squared error (MSE)-matrix criterion. We demonstrate that this approach can be extended to the general set-up of dropping variables. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the MSE-matrix superiority of the LS-estimator in the reduced model over that in the full model are derived. We also provide a uniformly most powerful F-statistic for testing the MSE-improvement.     

基于深度开发的城市文化旅游资源开发利用——以南京为例

对南京城市文化旅游资源开发利用现状进行了系统分析后,认为应从城市整体层面上加以整合和深度开发。随后阐述了在深度开发条件下的南京旅游资源开发思路,在此基础上进行了旅游线路的空间设计与组织,以有效实现南京的旅游开发从单一的专题游向精品化、混合型旅游线路的转变,并提出了相应的实施措施。     

“景观记忆”在城市文化景观设计中的 应用

以文化遗产景观“记忆”为线索，探讨文化遗产景 观保护的设计应用与方法。提出阐述了文化景观“记忆三元 素”及其在文化遗产景观感受中的关键作用：1)人类活动的 文化历史记忆；2)自然生态的环境变迁记忆；3)景观营造的 文化景观实体空间风貌记忆。基于现代景观的开放性和参与 性，以2个文化景观遗产设计实践为案例，从人的景观感受 出发，分析探讨了文化遗产景观感受与记忆的因果关系，阐 述了“记忆三元素”作为人、场所和城市之间互动的一种联 系，而成为三者交流的共同“语言”，及其三元耦合、主客 互动关系。基本结论：“记忆”是一种物质文化资源和社会 文化实体，在一定程度上可以展现历史、现实和未来脉络； “记忆”强化了人与场所之间的互动、场所与城市之间的联 系以及人类文明历史的延续；基于记忆的城市文化遗产景观 设计行之有效     

农村人力资本投资及外溢与城乡差距实证研究

文章以人力资本溢出效应城乡两区域模型为基础,采用协整检验和误差修正模型,对中国农村人力资本投资及外溢与城乡差距的关系进行实证检验。结果表明,缩小中国城乡差距,必须加大对农村的人力资本投资。同时,要加强政府对农村的基础设施投资,为农村人力资本作用的充分发挥创造条件。