Demand for second-stage land certification in Ethiopia: Evidence from household panel data

Ethiopia has implemented one of the largest, fastest and least expensive land registration and certification reforms in Africa. While there is evidence that this ‘first-stage’ land registration has had positive effects in terms of increased investment, land productivity and land rental market activities, the government is now piloting another round of land registration and certification that involves technically advanced land survey methods and computer registration. This ‘second-stage’ land registration differs from the registration system employed in the first round that used field markings in conjunction with neighbors’ recollections to identify plot borders. We use panel data from 600 households in southern Ethiopia to investigate household perceptions of and demand for such a new registration and certification. Our study revealed relatively low demand and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for second-stage certificates. The WTP also decreases significantly from 2007 to 2012. Our findings indicate that farmers do not believe that the second-stage certificate enhances tenure security relative to the first-stage certificate except in instances in which first-stage certification was poorly implemented. The demand for second-stage certificates appears to come primarily from governmental authorities, as it can provide a better basis for land administration and produce accessible public documentation of land-related affairs.     

Adoption of volunteered geographic information into the formal land administration system in Kenya

Individualization of tenure through title registration programmes introduced in many African countries after independence with the promise of security of tenure and increased agricultural productivity has, instead, had the opposite effect. Informal land arrangements continue to emerge as a result of the slow pace of land adjudication (formalization) and updating of land information systems. The trend towards computerization of land information systems has only put focus on already existing formal land tenure arrangements, leaving out the informal social tenure arrangements. As a result, there are now many efforts worldwide motivated by the introduction of the Social Tenure Domain Model (STDM), and freely-available and easy-to-use technology tools to identify, document and map land in support of informal land administration arrangements. Actions are made towards the use of community-generated information to support land administration. Using theories from the interplay between formal and informal institutions, this paper discusses the potential outcomes in adopting Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in land administration in Kenya. Two case studies are presented that demonstrate the complementary-accommodating, versus the substitutive-competing approaches. These are then compared with the formal land adjudication process in Kenya. It is established that because of the direct involvement of the national mapping agency in land adjudication where VGI is utilized, the outcome is a case of formal adoption of VGI, while in the other case, where there is little or no involvement by the national mapping agency, the outcome is more of competition and substitution. The latter is an example in which the VGI is used just like any other information to inform policy making, rather than taking it as the authoritative source. We argue that since informality is – and will always be – part and parcel of land administration in many African countries as a result of ingrained social relations and power structures, adopting crowdsourced land information into existing formal land administration systems should consider the particular land administration process, satisfying innate demands and requirements, thus re-engineered to accommodate VGI.     

基于不同时期典型案例比较分析的货物贸易外汇业务违规趋势及建议

在不同外汇管理时期，货物贸易违规业务呈现多样化的特点。本文通过对四个外汇管理时期的典型案例比较，总结出贸易项下违规业务的动机、专业化水平和规避监管手段的变化趋势，揭示当前形势下货物贸易外汇监管难点，并提出针对性建议。     

含硫油气井中的硫化氢气体检测和防护应急程序

文章详细分析了含硫油气井勘探开发中硫化氢气体产生的来源、硫化氢的主要检测方法,并重点论述了防护硫化氢的应急管理程序。     

从工商管理国际化趋势谈工商管理教育的改革

通过分析国际化的经济形势对工商管理教育培养目标和培养理念的影响,根据工商管理教育的国际化内涵,提出工商管理教育改革的总体方向和具体措施。     

Urban land management in China: A study of the present system and an investigation of current issues and problems

Summary

The paper commences by describing the statutory basis for land tenure and management. It examines the constitutional basis for land ownership and occupation rights, as amended by land administration law. The legal system and procedures at both central and local government level are introduced, with particular mention made of the special measures for land requisition. This is followed by a study of the organizational structure for land management in China at state and local government levels. The roles and responsibilities of the major agencies of government at both levels are explained, and related to the organization of urban planning. A separate section is then devoted to those areas such as Special Economic Zones and Open Coastal Cities which have been selected for preferential treatment, particularly in respect of the transfer of land use rights.

The paper concludes with a study of the main issues and problems that currently confront China in the field of urban land management. And some suggestions are made where further reform is required and additional research of potential benefit.     

人事管理经济学:一个述评

近10来年兴起的人事管理经济学是经济学原理运用于工商管理的一个典范。探讨人事管理经济学的产生、发展、主要理论成果是今后继续深入研究的课题,并简要评析了人事管理经济学的学术价值与应用价值。     

我校实施双学位本科教育的探索与实践

实施双学位教育是培养高素质复合型人才的有效途径。我校制定了一系列实施双学位教育的教学管理制度,并在全校本科专业中全面推行双学位教育,取得了初步成效。     

行政管理案例分析课程的教学方法

案例教学对激发学生的学习积极性和主动性等方面具有重要作用。提高行政管理案例分析课程的教学质量应采用多样化的教学方法:选用典型的案例,利用现代教学手段,采用讨论、辩论、情境模拟等多种形式,强化教师与学生的职责等。     

社会主义行政管理学发展之思考

行政管理学是一门不断发展的学科,"公共行政学"和"公共管理学"不能称之为独立的学科,只是行政管理学发展的历史阶段中的不同表现形态."公共行政学"和"公共管理学"的提出抹杀了行政管理学的阶级属性,只会迎合西方资产阶级的愿望.