简论我国文化贸易的发展现状及对策

当今世界,文化贸易作为服务贸易的重要组成部分,已经成为当今全球服务贸易竞争的重点领域之一.本文从我国文化贸易的发展现状、发展滞后的原因等方面进行详细分析,提出若干建议.     

我国上市公司亏损与股权优化

针对我国上市公司经营绩效下滑的现状 ,本文着重分析造成上市公司亏损的制度性原因 ,认为我国上市公司的亏损的根本性原因在于股权结构不合理。在原因分析的基础上 ,提出了以优化股权结构为核心的一些对策建议     

Twin deficits and the sustainability of public debt and exchange rate policies in Lebanon

This paper examines empirically using time series econometric models the sustainability of public debt and exchange rate policies, as well as, the relationship between current account and budget deficits in the emerging small open economy of Lebanon. The empirical results point to unsustainable debt and exchange rate policies. Other empirical results support the existence of a uni-directional causal relationship, in the short run, between the budget and current account deficits, indicating that rising fiscal deficits have started to put even more strain on the current account deficits and on the national public debt. To avoid a future depreciation of the exchange rate and perhaps a fiscal and currency crises, the government will have to timely introduce austerity measures to curb the negative implications of its rising budget and current account deficits and debt on Lebanon's economy.     

The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation and Welfare Composition of Spending on Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from US Gubernatorial Elections between 1978 and 2006

This study attempts to make a contribution to the field of spending aspects of fiscal policy and their impacts on electoral outcome. Due to varying degrees of financial responsibilities and commitments to provide public goods and services, US state governments serve as a perfectly natural laboratory to test the electoral significance of fiscal policies. We adopt a probit model, with several specifications, to determine significant impacts of fiscal consolidation and increases in welfare spending on US gubernatorial elections from 1978 to 2006. The analyses show that voters are more concerned about the increase in debt than current budget deficits. An increase in welfare spending is negatively associated with reelection. Moreover, the impact of taxation on gubernatorial elections turns out to be insignificant. In particular, findings suggest that the political business cycle model does not hold true in US gubernatorial elections. Expansionary fiscal policy right before the election may not have crucial impacts on the chances of an incumbent winning the election.     

股权自由现金流与投资管理

20 0 1财年 ,数家日本著名电子制造商出现了巨额亏损 ,公司陷入困境。导致失误的主要原因 ,是这些公司的投资管理粗放。“盈利就投资”造成了资产设备的盲目扩张。股权自由现金流是对投资实施有效管理的重要指标 ,也是进行资产估价的重要工具之一。     

中国农产品对外贸易逆差收敛成因及其趋势

2004年,中国农产品对外贸易自1984年以来首次出现巨额逆差,2005年逆差继续存在,但发生大幅收敛.2004～2005年间农产品对外贸易的波动使不同贸易品种、国内国际区域市场、贸易方式等受到影响;2005年相对于2004年对外贸易差额的变化,其对外贸易差额变动的一些规律性特点,对未来我国农产品对外贸易差额变动趋势作出初步判断.     

Considerations on the Evolution of the National Budget Functions: From Internal Relevance to External Value

The paper is concerned with the interrelationship between the national budget, the role of the State in the economy and the public financial situation existing during different historical periods beginning with the unification of Italy. The paper examines the functions of the national budget during the Liberal, Corporatist and Republican periods, and how these have changed as a result of institutional changes, and developments in the socio-economic situation which have influenced economic policy. We focus particularly on the public accountancy reform of 1923-1924 which, in combination with administrative reform, contained some important innovations. The system that emerged is found to have been clearly connected with that of the previous period, the innovations being based on the tenets of liberal ideology and the efficiency of the public administration. In this context the centralisation of the General Accounting Office in 1923 is seen as the result of actions begun during an earlier period. On the other hand, the national budget continued to carry out the functions of regulating the relationship between the various sections of the Government. Nevertheless, although the necessity was felt at this time to control the financial flows, it is only with the advent of the Republican State that the budget takes on an instrumental role in influencing the economy. During the Republican period, the relationship between the institutions and the economy changed, with public finance becoming the hub of economic development and the national budget developing a new function, with the use of government spending for macroeconomic purposes.     

CRASS KEYNESIANISM

Keynesianism supports make-work schemes without regard for consumers' preferences. The impact of fiscal and monetary policy in corrupting the flow of inter-temporal production is entirely discounted. Where Keynes argued that long-term considerations should not obstruct the implementation of short-term palliatives for immediate problems, Keynesianism fosters belief in the judgement of the state across a wide range of expenditures. In effect, however, Keynesian concepts of aggregate demand and the income multiplier set no basis for sound economic policy.