Critical Urban Theory versus Critical Urban Studies: A Review Debate

Critical urban theory and critical urban studies form the subject of two recent edited collections on approaches to the analysis and transformation of the contemporary capitalist city. In an exchange of commentaries by the respective editors and contributors, the introduction explains the genesis of each book and previews some of the key observations. Peter Marcuse then offers his assessment of Critical Urban Studies: New Directions, which is reciprocated by a commentary on Cities for People, Not for Profit: Critical Urban Theory and the Right to the City by Jonathan Davies, David Imbroscio and Warren Magnusson.     

高职院校加强学生思想政治教育的新思路探索

加强大学生思想政治的教育是高职院校发展的重要责任,本文主要通过对高职学生的特点和目前思想政治教育的状况进行分析之后,探索出提高高职院校思想政治教育的新思路。     

Austerity and repressive politics: Italian economists in the early years of the fascist government

The historical forerunners of contemporary austerity are still largely unexplored. This essay considers the “liberal phase” of Fascist Italy (1922–1925) as a case study to explain austerity as a full-blown rationality, that is intrinsically, and simultaneously, theory and practice, encompassing the moral, the economic and the political. My explanation moves beyond the interpretation of austerity as the post-1980, neoliberal recipe of price deflation and budget cuts. The Italian case draws attention to a neglected connection: that between austerity and repression. Austerity was the guiding principle of the Fascist economic agenda during the 1920s. It served to extinguish the effects of the democratisation process of the post-WWI years. The paper examines the work of four distinguished economists, Maffeo Pantaleoni, Luigi Einaudi, Alberto De Stefani and Umberto Ricci, who – in different roles as professors, journalists, advisors, and policy-makers – can be considered the source, the guardians and the enforcers of Fascist austerity.     

Political entrepreneurs and electoral capital: the case of the Israeli State Economy Arrangement Law

This article looks at a specific institutional change in Israel. In 1985, Israeli politicians adopted the “State Economy Arrangement Law” (SEAL), commonly regarded as part of the budgetary legislation in Israel. This law became an alternative channel through which applicants could circumvent the necessity of applying to the Israeli parliament (the Knesset) for the implementation of certain policies. This law enabled an accelerated, flexible regulatory process that short circuited democratic discussion in the Knesset and obviated the intervention of Israeli consumer organizations. This article suggests that this institutional change should be analyzed as part of a process where institutional reality influences individual and collective beliefs, thus triggering an individual and collective learning process that eventually leads to institutional change, specific policies and outcomes in terms of economic performance. The article also claims that the SEAL legislation is an equilibrium that results from the actions of political entrepreneurs (or agents of change) who operate to maximize their own electoral capital against the backdrop of certain structural and cultural conditions, both local and international. They operate in an environment characterized by the inability of the government to function effectively (non-governability) and the development of an alternative political culture.

交易费用政治学:现状与前景

从 2 0世纪 80年代开始 ,交易费用经济学开始被运用来研究政治领域的许多问题。虽然这一领域已经积累了大量的文献 ,但即使在英语文献里 ,仍然还没有研究者全面地对于这个领域的研究进行评估。本文先评述这个领域的主要研究成果 ,然后 ,分析为什么交易费用经济学可以用来分析政治问题 ,并总结了交易费用政治学的贡献。最后 ,分析了交易费用政治分析存在的问题以及未来的研究领域。     

克服农村基层腐败现象,保障农民合法权益

近几年,随着改革开放的日益深入,尤其是城市化进程的加快,农村的大量土地被征用,基建项目也随之扩张,一方面农村拥有的资源日渐丰富,另一方面在农村基层组织管理上涌现出了不少新问题。特别是村干部腐败案件的不断发生,成为新农村建设中一个非常不和谐的音符,严重败坏了党在农村的形象,降低了广大人民群众对农村基层党员干部的信任度,因此必须高度重视农村的党风廉政建设问题,构建科学有效的村务管理机制,积极完善村级监督模式,推动农村民主政治建设。     

拜金主义：“梁山聚义”失败的根本原因

任何政治斗争都基于一定的经济利益,梁山泊聚义也具有明确而具体的经济目的。作为聚义领袖的宋江用拜金主义指导梁山泊聚义,使拜金主义浸透了梁山军的政治理想,损害了梁山军领袖的权威性,削弱了梁山军的战斗力,最终使整个聚义军深深淹没在拜金主义祸水中而彻底灭亡。     

法治的政治经济学解释

在政治经济学的研究中,建立经济发展所需要的法治秩序和法律框架从来都处于中心地位。事实上,在过去的数百年间,西方国家正是通过大量的诱发性制度变迁,建立了国家经济发展需要的适度的法制基础性框架,使财产及合同权利得到清晰界定并得到保护,使市场机制能够发挥资本的功能。因此,所谓法治的政治经济学解释,就是试图在政治经济学提供的跨学科视野下,将关于法治与政治、法治与国家权力、法治与经济发展的讨论结合起来,从而揭示法治在政治经济学发展争论中隐含的价值取向,并提供一个能普遍接受法治观念的知识体系。     

基于经济发展与民主进步之间关系的理论研究

经济发展会促进民主进程。在经济学边际效用递减规律的基础上,提出了经济发展和民主进步关系曲线图,即G-D曲线图。经济结构、政治制度、传统文化的差异,决定了民众对民主边际需求不同,一个国家经济发展程度有相对应的合理的民主认可率(DAR值)区间。从中国和美国的G-D曲线对比分析中,可以看出美国指责中国的民主与人权问题时,理想化地把中国的DAR值提至高位,忽视了中国的实际国情。     

浅论经济因素对国际关系的影响

经济是政治的基础,政治是经济的集中表现.本文以冷战前后为时代大背景,通过分析经济因素在国际关系中的角色变换,并简要探讨冷战前后经济因素与世界格局的变迁两者之间的内在联系,说明二战后经济因素逐渐成为当代国际关系中的主导因素.