中国化妆品行业——国内化妆品品牌的优点和缺点(英文)

Chinese cosmetics market gives birth since 1980s as a newly developing industry,which is the typical representative industry of the china's socialist market economy after opening policy reform.With the opening of our domestic market,the foreign brand cosmetics enter into the Chinese market as soon as possible,which accelerate the development of Chinese cosmetics industry.How to survive in this fierce competition becomes a hot topic for our domestic cosmetic companies.In this thesis,the author tries to introduce the history and development of Chinese domestic industry;analysis the advantage and disadvantage of this market;and discuss the developing method for the Chinese cosmetic market.     

Identifying terms of trade shocks in a developing country using a sign restrictions approach

Using annual data for Botswana from 1960 to 2012, we examine the responses of macroeconomic variables to four generalized positive terms of trade shocks – global demand, globalizing, sector-specific and global supply. A sign-restricted structural vector autoregression model with a penalty function is estimated to identify the four possible shocks. While positive global demand and globalization shocks are both expansionary, they have opposite effects on inflation. A positive commodity market specific shock dampens real GDP growth and is inflationary, suggesting a possible Dutch disease response. A negative global supply shock suppresses both output growth and inflation. All but the last shock leads to a significant declining interest rate. Monetary policy contraction is recommended for the first shock and expansion for the others.     

郊区工业发展现状及对策分析——以天津市为例

随着都市经济的发展,市区工业逐渐由向郊区转移是必然的趋势.近年来郊区工业发展速度在不断提升,产值不断增加,对经济和社会的贡献明显提高.以天津为例,通过总结天津郊区工业发展取得的成果,评价发展进程,分析发展中存在诸如实力不强、产业集中度不高、园区特色不突出、竞争力不强等问题,借鉴发达地区的经验,提出了天津郊区工业发展的路径和对策性建议.     

Airline new route selection using compromise programming - The case of Taiwan-Europe

The decision to launch a new route has a huge effect on the outcomes of airlines in the market. In order to find potential destinations for airlines, this paper utilizes a compromise programming method for selecting direct flight routes. The selection framework comprises two objective functions, with one maximizing total revenue and the other minimizing total cost. A case studying Taiwan-European region destinations is interpreted in the analysis. The results indicate that four potential routes, including Madrid, Milan, Munich and Zurich should be added to the airlines’ service destinations. Therefore, this research suggested that the airport authority could apply incentives scheme to attract carriers to open new routes and add flight frequencies to strengthen its competitiveness.     

探讨波普艺术在现代设计中的应用

文章通过对波普艺术的解读,从波普艺术在现代设计领域的个案入手,运用实例分析了波普艺术在现代设计中的应用,进而探讨了波普设计的发展趋势,为波普艺术的发展提供了更为广阔的空间,以此来满足现代社会人们标新立异、个性张扬的多元化需求。     

Back to the future. Is industry 4.0 a new tecno-organizational paradigm? Implications for Latin American countries

ABSTRACT

The objective of this article is to establish a dialogue between the recent ‘Industry 4.0’ (I4.0) literature and evolutionary neo-Schumpeterean studies about techno-organizational paradigms. In that direction, we wonder whether I4.0 constitutes a new paradigm, as it is assumed by the first group of literature, or it represents – until the moment – an intensification of key features of the information and communication technology (ICT) paradigm, following the second group of studies. Some questions are raised about the implications of I4.0 for developing countries (DEC), afterwards. Specifically, we reflect on the possibilities of these countries to identify and take advantage of new windows of opportunity, opened by the development and diffusion of these technologies. In this regard, the review of recent Latin American experience raises strong concerns regarding I4.0 as a new source of intra- and international heterogeneity, linked to the severe difficulties these countries have in appropriating these technologies in the form of productivity gains and quasi-rents. It seems that this is partially derived from weak technological, organizational, and connectivity capabilities paths of accumulation between institutions and actors.     

当代福建企业家精神的文化基因及跨越路径

企业家精神是社会进步的动力,文化传统特质对企业家精神生成有重要影响。在对企业家精神共性分析的基础上,界定福建企业家精神,分析孕育福建企业家精神的四大文化根源,并提出完善、升华福建企业家精神的方法,使之更适合福建市场经济的发展需要。     

What about people in cycle network planning? applying participative multicriteria GIS analysis in the case of the Athens metropolitan cycle network

The bicycle is gaining ground as an inexpensive, fast, healthy, and enjoyable mode of transport, but the development of cycle infrastructures appears to be a necessary prerequisite for supporting further growth in cycling rates. Thus far, few studies have developed comprehensive methodologies for the prioritisation of cycling infrastructure investments, and the role of end users has been underestimated in this process. The unique relationship that cyclists develop with the bicycle itself, their co-cyclists, bicycle facilities, and the urban environment as a result of sensory, kinaesthetic, symbolic, or even political reasons can assist in designing cycle facilities that are more efficient and closer to fulfilling the needs and desires of users. We propose a comprehensive four-step methodology for cycle network planning, which both accounts for the city structure and the zones in which higher cycling demand is possible and uses participative multicriteria GIS processes to incorporate cyclists’ views with regard to choosing the cycle network segments. Our case study is Athens, Greece, where cycling facilities are few and heavily fragmented, although cycling demand has recently grown. This methodology may be useful for cities attempting to introduce and prioritise cycling infrastructures because it focuses on determining where cyclists would prefer to cycle to make such investments more successful in attracting users.