The political economy of tourism in the third world

When a Third World country uses tourism as a development strategy, it becomes enmeshed in a global system over which it has little control. The international tourism industry is a product of metropolitan capitalist enterprise. The superior entrepreneurial skills, resources, and commercial power of metropolitan companies enables them to dominate many Third World tourist destinations. This paper outlines the dynamics of this process, particularly in the context of the South Pacific.     

An Investigation of Market Orientation (MO) and Tourism Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ (SMEs) Performance in Developing Countries: A Review of the Literature

This paper aims to build a structured literature review of the field of market orientation and its impact on tourism small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) performance in developing countries. This literature review will present a comprehensive survey of market orientation (MO) published articles to facilitate good understanding of MO. It serves as an archive and aims to help the scholars and practitioners to explore, analyse, and develop a clear understanding about the different research points and methodologies implemented in previous studies related to MO and its impact on tourism SMEs’ performance. The paper systematically reviews and categorizes the published literature implementing a three-stage methodology, and thereafter analyzes and reviews this literature methodologically. The review covered many areas and identified some factors that drive/hinder market-oriented activities within tourism SMEs. Furthermore, suggestions have been made to understand more thoroughly how market orientation influences tourism SMEs performance in developing economies. A research gap in the area of market orientation and tourism SMEs performance in developing countries was identified. The study provides great benefits for owner-managers, government policy makers, scholars, and educators by clarifying the concept of market orientation and its relationship with performance in the context of tourism SMEs.     

我国外汇储备投资的战略性目标及其实施

国家外汇投资公司的筹备成立标志着我国外汇储备管理模式的根本变化,文章认为外汇储备投资除满足收益性和缓解国内流动性过剩的使命外,应重点保障我国资源需求的战略目标;资源战略储备的形式除实物储备外,还可以直接购买或参股资源矿藏、购买资源类企业的股票以及通过国际期货市场进行运作.     

韩国利用外资的特点及启示

韩国在金融危机前,实施外向型经济发展战略,使其经济迅速发展,而外资在其中的作用是巨大的,它缩短了韩国实现现代化的过程,仅20多年韩国就跃入新兴工业化国家的行列。但是,韩国在利用外资中以贷款为主,尤其是以商业贷款为主,这使其外债不断增加,最终给韩国的经济造成重大影响。金融危机后,韩国及时调整利用外资的政策,使其经济不断走向正轨。     

再谈内需不足的问题

国内有效需求不足,是当前阻碍我国经济快速发展的重要因素。造成内需不足的原因是多方面的,不少专家学者也提出了很多解决问题的办法和措施。试图从市场供求关系方面来分析造成内需不足的结构性因素,并寻求缓解问题的根本性途径。     

电子商务实施过程中的知识管理问题研究

电子商务是知识经济时代的潮流和不可逆转的趋势,实施电子商务已成为企业建立竞争优势的必由之路。但是许多企业,尤其是传统企业在实施电子商务过程中出现了种种问题,阻碍实施进程的顺利进行甚至导致失败。究其根源,是由于这些企业对实施电子商务过程中的知识管理问题缺乏充分认识和准备。     

人民币升值压力的国际贸易根源及其化解

论述人民币升值压力的背景,从中国国际收支出现三顺差,日美对人民币施加压力的实质原因,以及要求人民币升值的政治因素三方面来阐述。然后就中国贸易四个方面的扭曲所引致的一系列的贸易效应及其对汇率产生的影响进行分析,并针对这些贸易扭曲提出相应对策,使之用来化解人民币升值的压力。     

An Exploration of Opportunities for the Growth of the Fair Trade Market: Three Cases of Craft Organisations

Businesses that maintain ethical standards have an advantage in the marketplace based on the increasing interest of consumers in products that have a social and ethical component. Fair trade organisations that adopt environmental, social and ethical principles in trading are in a good position to make the most of this growing interest in the market. However, it is unclear whether fair trade organisations are taking full advantage of emerging market opportunities for ethically traded products. This research explores this issue by describing the business strategies of three fair trade organisations that import and sell craft goods into Western countries and evaluates them in the context of this growing market. The research findings indicate that in order to remain in business, fair trade craft organisations have had to adopt better business practices in recent years, improving quality, customer service and product offerings to customers. However, growth appears to be limited, as distribution remains focused on a small, niche market. This paper explores the distribution strategies of two fair trade commodity organisations that are successfully reaching a wider customer base, demonstrating that fair trade products have a unique selling advantage in the mainstream marketplace. In conclusion, fair trade craft organisations are not exploiting this market opportunity to the degree they should and will need to explore wider distribution and alternative business strategies to expand their market share.Debora Randall completed her Masters of Management at Massey University, in Auckland, New Zealand. She is currently using her interests in business and community development to work towards practical economic solutions to poverty. She is living in Vancouver, Canada where she is working on a number of community economic development initiatives.     

促进民营企业跨国并购的对策研究

跨国并购是中国民营企业跨国发展的重要方式之一。现阶段，中国民营企业跨国并购的主要特点是并购规模小。造成这种现象的主要原因在于民营企业跨国并购面临着所有制歧视、企业制度、法律和中介机构不完善等方面的障碍。只有通过采取建立扶持政策、完善监管体系、法律体系和非政府支持体系等方面的措施，中国民营企业跨国并购才能获得更大的发展。     

发展中国家的竞争政策——背景、现状与问题

20世纪80年代末以来的经济自由化改革和经济全球化使竞争政策逐渐成为发展中国家一项重要的微观经济政策。发展中国家的竞争法在法律条文上与发达国家的竞争法有很多相似之处,但发展中国家经济发展的实际也使其竞争法和竞争政策具有自身特点,如多元化的政策目标、广泛而灵活的竞争例外范围、宽松的企业并购限制等。为使发展中国家的竞争政策更好地起到促进竞争、提高市场效率、推动经济发展的作用,发展中国家应确立简洁明了的政策目标和审查标准,正确认识和处理竞争政策与其他经济和社会政策的关系,着重解决严重妨碍竞争的某些突出问题,并加强反垄断政策的国际合作。