Stuck at the bottom: Role of tacit and explicit knowledge on innovation of developing-country suppliers in global value chains

We take a social exchange theoretical perspective of innovation to develop and test a model of the intervening role of tacit and explicit knowledge exchange in explaining innovation of developing-country suppliers in non-equity-based global value chains (NEGVCs). Results of structural equation modelling for a sample of Bangladeshi suppliers embedded in apparel NEGVCs show that tacit and explicit knowledge fully mediate the associations between network competence and both low value-added and high value-added innovation contingent on the quality of network relationships. We also found that both tacit and explicit knowledge contribute more to low value-added innovation than to high value-added innovation. The managerial and policy implications of our findings as to why developing-country suppliers in NEGVCs are stuck in low value-added activities are fully discussed.     

Does character's gender matter in inspirational brand story? Exploring the moderating effect of gender role conformity

Inspirational brand story is a widely used marketing strategy in brand building. However, few empirical studies have investigated the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions of a successful brand story strategy. The current study examined the influence of lead character's gender in inspirational brand story on consumer–brand identification based on the social identity theory, benevolent sexism, and gender schema theory. Results from two experiments demonstrated that the gender of inspirational brand stories has an impact on consumer brand identity through the mediation effect of sympathy. Compared with a male character, a female character elicits viewers' sympathy, which results in high brand identification. Such a gender effect is stronger when there is a high level of perceived gender role conformity. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Health shocks and mortgage debt payoff among American homeowners over age 50: A survival analysis

Mortgage debt is financially burdensome for many older homeowners in the United States. As people age, declining health can bring about increased healthcare costs. Focusing on homeowners aged 50 and older in the U.S., we investigate two research questions: (1) To what extent does a heath shock affect the likelihood of paying off a mortgage voluntarily or involuntarily? and (2) how long does a health shock delay the time it takes to pay off a mortgage? We used eight biannual waves (2004–2018) of the Health and Retirement Study containing 11,772 borrowers to build survival regression models. Results showed that a health shock reduced the likelihood of voluntary payoff by 12%, while it increased the probability of involuntary payoff by 18%. A health shock delayed voluntary and involuntary payoffs for 30 and 21 months, respectively. We discuss tax deduction and HELOCs as strategies to reduce older homeowners' mortgage strain.     

Asymptotic subadditivity/superadditivity of Value-at-Risk under tail dependence

This paper presents a new method for discussing the asymptotic subadditivity/superadditivity of Value-at-Risk (VaR) for multiple risks. We consider the asymptotic subadditivity and superadditivity properties of VaR for multiple risks whose copula admits a stable tail dependence function (STDF). For the purpose, a marginal region is defined by the marginal distributions of the multiple risks, and a stochastic order named tail concave order is presented for comparing individual tail risks. We prove that asymptotic subadditivity of VaR holds when individual risks are smaller than regularly varying (RV) random variables with index −1 under the tail concave order. We also provide sufficient conditions for VaR being asymptotically superadditive. For two multiple risks sharing the same copula function and satisfying the tail concave order, a comparison result on the asymptotic subadditivity/superadditivity of VaR is given. Asymptotic diversification ratios for RV and log regularly varying (LRV) margins with specific copula structures are obtained. Empirical analysis on financial data is provided for highlighting our results.     

The medical expense deduction and income levels: Progressive or regressive?

The medical expense deduction (MED) allows taxpayers to deduct from taxable income a proportion of their out-of-pocket medical insurance and health care expenses. Because the rate of subsidy is equal to the marginal tax rate previous studies have found MED to be a regressive tax mechanism biased toward benefiting higher-income taxpayers. The authors demonstrate, using GINI coefficients, that MED makes the tax structure more progressive than it would otherwise be and increases equality of after-tax incomes.     

小型足球运动在高校足球选项课中的运用

小型足球运动与11人制足球运动相比有其自身的特点和优势。运用其特点和优势可以对高校足球选项课程内容及练习方法、手段进行教学改革,以达到培养学生运动兴趣,快速增进学生足球技战术水平的目的,并最终完成《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》中关于课程的各项要求。     

建设抚—哈合作开发区的设想

抚远县和一江之隔的哈巴罗夫斯克市及其周围地区,以其优越的地缘优势、资源优势和互补性,具有发展双边(多边)经济技术合作的广阔前景。建设抚哈合作开发区,不仅有利于振兴当地经济,而且可作为参与东北亚国际分工与合作的窗口,通过外参内联,实现由边疆到内地,由双边到多边的多种形式的经贸合作,带动和促进两国内地经济的发展。     

区域矿产资源综合经济评价指标的优选途径

本文运用灰色关联分析的 3 种方法-灰色绝对关联度分析、灰色相对关联度分析和灰色综合关联分析方法,对区域矿产资源综合经济评价指标进行了优选研究,取得了满意的效果。     

不同生计模式下六盘山区易地扶贫搬迁移民生计资本耦合协调研究——以甘肃省古浪县为例

[目的]探究易地扶贫搬迁移民的生计耦合协调有助于全面了解移民的生计问题,对提高移民可持续生计能力及后续发展提供参考。[方法]文章以甘肃省古浪县易地扶贫搬迁家庭为研究对象,通过2019—2021年实地访谈和问卷调查等方法对移民家庭的生计状况进行调查,选取测度指标并计算各类移民的生计资本值,根据移民收入来源对生计模式进行分类,运用耦合协调度模型分析各生计模式下移民5项生计资本间的关系。[结果]（1）生计资本内部耦合水平总体较低,处于低度耦合和失调衰退等级;（2）非农型的生计资本耦合度和协调度最高,分别为0.299和0.230,是最为接近中度耦合和过渡协调阶段的生计模式;（3）两类兼业户的次之,处在（0.15,0.3）的区间内,属于低度耦合和衰退协调的中高级阶段;（4）纯农户的较低,为0.172和0.223,处于低度耦合和协调衰退的中阶段;（5）补贴户的最低,耦合度、协调度均在（0,1）的区间,处在低度弱耦合和恶性失调等级。[结论]古浪县不同生计模式下易地扶贫搬迁移民的生计资本存量和差距,导致其耦合协调性较差、差异较大。