我国农业巨灾保险的发展瓶颈及破题之策

在个别地区和省份开展的试点工作中,制约农业巨灾保险发展的因素凸显,成为其向全国推广的障碍。以发展农业巨灾保险的意义为切入点,认为必须正视当前我国农业巨灾保险发展所遇到的瓶颈,并相应地提出破题之策。     

法学方法与法律方法的耦合

法学方法与法律方法的异同在学界出现不同观点,文章对具有代表性的观点分类后,提出笔者的对此问题的见解,即法学方法和法律方法二者存在耦合关系,并且通过建立模型的方法对这种关系加以分析研究。     

Integrating science and local knowledge in environmental risk management: A decision-focused approach

This paper explores how a structured decision process, based on methods from the decision sciences, can contribute to the integration of local and scientific knowledge in environmental decision making. Emphasis is placed on the use of key decision structuring steps and analytical tools to help ensure the systematic treatment of both fact-based and value-based knowledge claims. Practical methods are discussed for communicating and evaluating values and technical information across participants and cultures in ways that are methodologically rigorous and encourage different sources of credible knowledge to be considered on equal footing. Examples are presented from water use planning in British Columbia, Canada, where stakeholder consultations at 22 hydroelectric facilities demonstrate specific techniques that can be used to clarify values, to explore hypotheses, to clarify uncertainties, to identify and evaluate options, to make value-based choices, and to facilitate mutual learning.     

人民币实际有效汇率、出口与经济增长

根据建立的VAR模型,考察了人民币实际有效汇率对出口贸易的影响,进而分析其对经济增长速度的影响。分析表明：短期内人民币实际有效汇率上升对我国出口量和工业增加值增长速度都存在负向影响,然而长期中,则存在着正向影响的趋势。面对人民币升值的趋势,我国企业应该抓住相应的经济发展机遇,并逐步提升企业自身的核心竞争力。     

Dissertation abstract: “Essays in applied economics on the intervention of a third player in agency relationships”

Agency theory has established that appropriate incentives can reconcile the diverging interests of the principal and the agent. Focusing on three applications, this dissertation evaluates the empirical relevance of these results when a third party interacts with the primary contract. The analyses provided rely on either laboratory or natural experiments. First, corruption is analyzed as a two-contract situation: a delegation contract between a Principal and an Agent and a corruption pact concluded between this Agent and a third player, called Briber. A survey of the recent microeconomic literature on corruption first highlights how corruption behavior results from the properties of those two agreements. We thereafter show that the Agent faces a conflict in reciprocities due to those two conflicting agreements. The resulting delegation effect, supported by observed behavior in our three-player experimental game, could account for the deterrence effect of wages on corruption. Second, health care is governed by contradictory objectives: patients are mainly concerned with the health provided, whereas containing health care costs is the primary goal of health care administrators. We provide further insights into the ability of incentives to balance these two competing objectives. In this matter, our theoretical and econometric analysis evaluates how a new mixed compensation scheme, introduced in Quebec in 1999 as an alternative to fee-for-services, has affected physicians’ practice patterns. Free switching is shown to be an essential feature of the reform, since it implements screening between physicians. Finally, the demand for underground work departs from the traditional Beckerian approach to illegal behavior, due to the dependence of benefits from illegality on competitors’ behavior. We set up a theoretical model in which the demand for underground work from all producers competing on the same output market is analyzed simultaneously. We first show that competition drastically undermines the individual benefits of tax evasion. At equilibrium, each firm nonetheless chooses evasion with a positive probability, strictly lower than one. This Bertrand curse could then account for the “tax evasion puzzle” i.e. the overprediction of evasion in models that ignore market interactions. We thereafter show that allowing firms to denounce competitors’ evasion is not likely to solve this curse—by providing a credible threat against price cuts, it fosters illegal work. Empirical evidence from a laboratory experiment confirms these predictions. Without denunciation, experimental firms often choose evasion whereas evasion benefits are canceled out by competition. When introduced, denunciation is rarely used by firms, but the threat makes evasion profitable. JEL Classification K42, I18, D21, C25, C91     

马克思经济危机理论与凯恩斯经济危机理论比较

马克思在《资本论》等著作中对生产过剩经济危机理论进行了系统分析,凯恩斯在《就业、利息和货币通论》中论述了有效需求不足而导致的经济危机,两者的经济危机理论在危机根源以及应对政策上存在根本区别。重温这两种理论并对其进行比较分析,对于应对和预防经济危机有重要现实意义。     

中国电信业接入定价与互联互通分析

中国电信业的互联互通问题日益凸显,作为其核心内容的接入定价问题越来越受到规制学家的关注。论文介绍了当前几种主流接入定价方法,通过分析各种方法的优缺点,结合当前中国电信业的基本状况及现实特点,从理论上得出中国电信业应采用以成本为基础的网间互联接入定价方式,为三大运营商更好地实现有效竞争,实现真正意义上的互联互通提供了理论依据。     

精英与公民参与决策博弈的新视角——基于托马斯的有效决策模型

精英决策模式是众多民主国家普遍适用的公共决策模式。随着“强势民主”、“公民治理”的兴起及信息技术的提高,公民参与公共决策成为未来的发展趋势。有效决策模型解决了公民参与公共决策存在的无序性、非公益性及非均衡性等问题,为我国公共决策模式的发展提供了指导方向,我国应坚持精英主导下的公民参与公共决策模式。     

顺应理论下的翻译策略与方法——以《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本为例

Verschueren的顺应理论为从语用学的角度研究翻译提供了新的理论框架。翻译策略和方法的选择应该分别实现对宏观交际语境和微观语言语境的动态顺应。归化和异化是实现动态顺应的翻译策略,直译和意译则是翻译方法。《红楼梦》的杨宪益译本为顺应论视角下翻译策略和方法的成功选择提供了例证。     

提高应用统计学课程教学效果的几点体会

应用统计学是统计专业的核心课程之一,是一门兼顾理论和解决实际问题的课程。应根据课程的特点,从教学内容、教学手段和教学方法等方面进行改革,不断提高教学效果。