欧盟东扩的经济学分析及中国的对策

拥有25个国家的大欧盟已经形成。但欧盟成员国经济发展水平参差不齐,经济较发达的老欧盟成员国为何愿意吸收经济相对不发达的国家入盟?而经济处于弱势的中东欧各国又为何积极加入到欧洲统一的大市场中去?本文旨在运用经济学的方法研究欧盟东扩的历史必然性和进一步扩张的可能性,同时提出我国的应对策略。     

再论中国地方政府主导型市场经济

本文着重研究以强烈扩张冲动为主要特征的中国地方政府主导型市场经济。笔者将企业经营者个人控制权理论运用于地方官员，认为官员个人控制权扩张有三条途径，而中国目前地方官员主要运用横向扩张途径以获得自我晋升。中国地方政府强烈的扩张冲动，不同于西方的地方自治和中外历史上的封建诸侯，而是产生于以下全部的必要条件和充分条件：在中国初期市场经济②的特定条件下，必要条件是地方官员横向扩张个人控制权特别强劲的动力，充分条件是地方资源完全的“内公外私”产权③与公共选择制度两者约束的显著失效。     

企业规模扩张的合意性与可行性分析

本文主要分析了企业规模扩张的合意性和可行性,认为我国企业规模扩张的特殊合意性在于微观上利用规模经济,宏观上实现产业技术升级和提升国家自主创新能力。可行性分析则表明,市场竞争的强化促使资源向优势大企业集中,企业规模扩张具备了必要的人力资源条件,企业规模扩张的资金需求正在逐步得到满足。文章提出,企业规模扩张离不开政府的支持与保护,关键是要消除阻碍企业规模扩张的各种体制性障碍,利用产业组织政策保护和引导企业专业化扩张。具体而言,一要进一步优化企业规模化的市场环境,打破行业壁垒的限制;二要鼓励不同类型企业优化重组,引导大企业与中小企业之间的专业化协作;三要促进资本市场的发展,为企业兼并重组提供融资支持;四要合理利用产业政策与国际规则,保护大企业的成长。     

高校扩招后学生工作的思考与探索

笔者分析了高校扩招后在教学、管理、学生工作等方面遇到的问题,结合笔者从事学生工作实际,从十个方面阐述了扩招后如何富有成效地开展工作,并列举了一些案例和解决问题的对策。     

Malliavin's Calculus in Insider Models: Additional Utility and Free Lunches

We consider simple models of financial markets with regular traders and insiders possessing some extra information hidden in a random variable that is accessible to the regular trader only at the end of the trading interval. The problems we focus on are the calculation of the additional utility of the insider and a study of his free lunch possibilities. The information drift—that is, the drift to eliminate in order to preserve the martingale property in the insider's filtration—turns out to be the crucial quantity needed to answer these questions. It is most elegantly described by the logarithmic Malliavin trace of the conditional laws of the insider information with respect to the filtration of the regular trader. Several examples are given to illustrate additional utility and free lunch possibilities. In particular, if the insider has advance knowledge of the maximal stock price process, given by a regular diffusion, arbitrage opportunities exist.     

Trade Protection in Five EU Member Candidate Countries by Exchange Rate Adjustment,Customs Tariffs,and Nontariff Measures

Five central European candidate member countries for EU accession (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia = CE-5) entered into the transition period with undervalued exchange rates to stimulate exports and protect domestic industries. However, this policy was not maintained. During 1993–1995, real currency appreciation increased competitive pressure by foreign firms. To protect domestic firms, governments applied high third-country tariffs, temporary import taxes, and numerous administrative barriers to trade. As countervailing pressure by the EU and the U.S. increased and current account deficits soared in 1996 and 1997, the five countries more and more brought exchange rate policies in line with the changes in purchasing power parity.There seems to be a positive correlation between large current account deficits and the more intense use of nontariff protectionist measures. Using exchange rate measures, Slovenia keeps the current account rather balanced. It employs many less nontariff protectionist measures than the other four countries, which show strong tendencies towards real exchange rate appreciation.     

An empirical model of transfers within a federation, with an application to the European Union

We construct a stylized model of transfers within a federation and apply it to the European Union. Our approach differs from that of most of the existing literature in that we fix the preferences for redistribution of resources among a federation's members, rather than fix the current budgetary rules or modify them on the basis of assumed scenarios. The model is tested (successfully) by assessing its ability to predict the effects of the last (1995) enlargement on the European budget. We then use the estimated model to predict the reallocation of the Union's net transfers after the upcoming Eastern enlargement. Our estimates of transfers to the incoming member states exceed those of the rest of the literature. Our results can be interpreted in one of two ways: first, either the European Union, in its collective decision-making process (that in the future will include the five incoming countries as voting members), will institute new rules and programs to further reduce the regional disparities in income, or second, if the current rules and programs are maintained, then the Eastern enlargement would result in a reduction in the “depth” of the Union. The approach we introduce can be more generally applied to the analysis of other intergovernmental or international organizations.     

Valuing Air Quality in Poland

In this study we estimate how much Polish citizens would be willing to pay to harmonize Polish air pollution standards with EU standards. We conduct a contingent valuation of all damage components using a system of dichotomous choice questions. This system approach helps to avoid embedding problem and to identify protest voters. We compare estimates from a set of single logit models with a generalized estimating equations (GEE) model, which provides more parsimonious and efficient estimates. Although, health remains very important, our respondents valued mortality less than the literature but morbidity much more. Damages to ecosystems and cultural heritage compose 13–16% of the total value and their omission by the literature seriously underestimates total benefits. Overall, the results suggest that Poland values the benefits of pollution control much less than the wealthier EU suggesting harmonization should be postponed and conditioned on economic prosperity.P28, Q51, Q53 standard harmonization, system valuation     

Financial Convergence in Transition Economies: EU Enlargement

This paper analyzes the financial effect of the enlargement of the European Union (EU) to include ten new Central and East European countries (CEECs) on firms' business and financial structures. We employ quantitative analytic techniques and financial ratios to discover whether firms in the new EU member states tend to converge with businesses in the EU-15 in terms of the structure of their financial statements. We examine the extent to which the increasing integration of the former may foster the convergence of productive structures. We analyze the evolution of twelve financial ratios in a sample of firms obtained from the AMADEUS database, performing a dynamic factor analysis that identifies the determining factors of the joint evolution of deviations in financial ratios from the average values of EU-15 firms. This allows us to analyze the convergence in each of the CEECs toward the EU-15.