大学生农村创业基地建设理论与实践

作为推动大学毕业生到农村基层就业创业的桥头堡,大学生农村创业基地的建设有着拓展大学生就业渠道,促进作为重要生产要素的大学毕业生成规模反向流动至农村的重要时代价值,应得到地方政府、高校和村级组织的高度重视。通过对大学生农村创业基地类型、特征和主要任务的理论分析,立足实践提出了基本建设路径,即通过搭建运行平台、设立农村创业服务中心等专门组织机构、完善管理制度、联合社会各界定期开展项目招标、构建经费政策扶持体系、有效控制风险等途径保障大学生农村创业基地科学发展。     

Across borders and beyond boundaries: How the Olivetti Company became a multinational

‘Ing. C. Olivetti & Co.’, the office machine producer founded in 1908, is one of the few Italian enterprises that was quick to set up a process of internationalisation both in European markets and in other continents. This article shows the evolution of Olivetti as a multinational business from its origins until the 1960s when the manufacturer was owned and controlled by the Olivetti family. It focuses on the role that ‘entrepreneurial cognition’ plays in shaping business as the company pursues new business opportunities across borders. It argues that the internationalisation of Olivetti was pursued in at least three ways: (1) as exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities in response to major historical events, local and global tensions; (2) as the result of entrepreneurial perceived high self-efficacy; and (3) as consequence of heuristic decision-making processes.     

企业家能力概念及维度研究述评

采用文献综述法,从"企业家"和"能力"两个方面分别对企业家能力概念的内涵进行系统探讨,对企业家能力维度的相关研究成果进行评述,总结了目前国内外相关研究存在的不足,并提出今后的研究方向,包括从理论和实证两个视角区分"entrepreneurial competence"和"entrepreneurial competency"概念、探讨不同情境下企业家能力维度的异同、思考不同能力维度之间的内在关系等。     

我国中小民营企业家创新能力的影响因素:理论与实证分析

在理论分析的基础上,提出企业家创新能力的影响因素包括经验水平、管理培训、市场型网络、专家型网络、成就动机以及自我效能感,且企业家的经验水平对企业家创新能力的影响受企业家自我效能感的调节。应用回归模型对研究假设进行检验。结果表明:成就动机、专家型网络和市场型网络是影响企业家创新能力的重要因素;经验水平、管理培训以及自我效能感对企业家创新能力无显著影响。最后,对该实证研究结果与理论分析不符的原因进行了分析。     

安徽省创业环境区域差异性比较研究——以芜湖、合肥、亳州三地市为例

利用GEM专家问卷调查数据,对安徽省芜湖、合肥、亳州三地市的创业环境进行了均值比较和方差分析。研究发现：合肥与芜湖在金融支持、市场开放程度、有形基础设施、文化与社会规范等方面存在显著差异;亳州与芜湖在金融支持、政府项目、教育与培训、研究与开发转移、商务环境、市场开放程度、有形基础设施、文化与社会规范等方面存在显著差异;亳州与合肥在金融支持、政府项目、研究与开发转移、市场开放程度等方面存在差异;总体上看,芜湖的创业环境最好,合肥的创业环境中等,亳州的创业环境相时较差。最后,结合创业环境的9大因素,提出了改善安徽省创业环境、缩小城市间创业环境差异性、进而推动中小企业成长的政策建议。     

民营高科技企业家创新能力影响因素实证研究——基于人力资本视角

企业家人力资本表现为企业家的知识、能力、健康,对企业家创新能力形成发挥着重要作用,企业家的创新能力对民营高科技企业成长做出很大贡献,文章针对民营高科技企业家创新能力形成问题构建了企业家人力资本视角的企业家创新能力影响因素模型。实证检验结果显示,对民营高科技企业中企业家创新能力起直接作用的是企业家战略能力、创新自我效能感、管理自我效能感、学习非经济与管理专业、学习能力、思维开放性、公正严谨性、关系能力八个因素。     

金融素养、家庭财富与家庭创业决策

本文利用2015年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,分析了金融素养、家庭财富与家庭创业决策三者之间的关系。整体上,金融素养的提高显著增加了家庭参与创业的可能性,但家庭参与创业面临着"财富约束效应";而金融素养对家庭财富具有替代作用,提高金融素养有效缓解了家庭的"财富约束效应",促进家庭参与创业。同时,研究发现家庭财富对家庭创业决策的影响并不存在明显的城乡差异,但金融素养更能缓解农村家庭创业所面临的"财富约束效应"。另外,提高金融素养能有效缓解家庭的信贷约束,增加其风险偏好,间接地促进创业。     

The rise of Mexican entrepreneurial migration to the United States: A mixed‐embeddedness approach

Although many studies have analyzed the behavior of high‐skilled migration to the United States, few have focused on the escalating migration of Mexican entrepreneurs, and particularly on the determinants of this kind of high‐skilled migration. This article addresses this gap through a qualitative approach conforming to quantitative procedures, based on 20 in‐depth interviews applied to Mexican entrepreneurs working and/or living in the United States. Theoretically, a mixed‐embeddedness approach guides this research because it allows examining both the individual characteristics of Mexican entrepreneurs, and the influence of the home and host countries' institutional contexts on their business endeavors. Findings revealed Mexico's institutional weaknesses, such as insecurity, corruption, and bureaucracy, are important drivers of migration but so are the perception of a friendly U.S. fiscal system, the search for a better quality of life, and the appeal of a more transparent business environment.     

创业型中小企业财务管理的创新与应用研究

在国民经济高速发展的推动下,我国经济市场环境越来越好,企业的发展空间逐渐扩大。因此,诞生了很多创业型企业,在我国的经济活动中扮演着十分重要的角色。但是创业型企业由于经营经验少、管理制度缺失以及组织结构不完整等,在财务管理方面存在一些问题亟待解决。基于此,论文从创业型中小企业入手,对财务管理的问题、创新及应用策略进行了研究,以供参考。     

The Effects of Four Dimensions of Strategic Orientation on Firm Innovativeness and Performance in Emerging Market Small- and Medium-Size Enterprises

We investigate the effects of technology, entrepreneurial, market, and learning orientations on firm innovativeness, and the mediating effect of firm innovativeness on these relationships, using a survey of 374 small- and medium-size enterprises in Korea. The results reveal that, while technology, entrepreneurial, and learning orientations significantly influence firm innovativeness, firm innovativeness has a significant effect on firm performance. We also find that firm innovativeness has a statistically significant mediating role in the relationships of technology, entrepreneurial, and learning orientations to firm performance. Our study contributes to strategic management and emerging market literature by identifying the pivotal role of innovativeness for firms that seek to benefit from various types of strategic orientations.