高溢价产品的品牌资产驱动因素模型初探

随着奢侈品在我国市场的增长,越来越多的企业和个人开始思考高溢价产品背后的原因。本文基于营销学、心理学、社会学和经济学的研究成果,提出了高溢价产品的品牌资产驱动因素的定性模型,并提出了高溢价产品的市场建议。     

论国内银团贷款协议中的交叉违约条款

在银团贷款实践中,贷款行通常要求在银团贷款协议中规定交叉违约条款。之所以如此,是因为交叉违约本质上属于一种预期违约事件,交叉违约条款具有防范债务风险、保障贷款行在向借款人追索债务时能与其他贷款人处于同等地位的功能。但贷款行在与借款人商谈该条款的内容时,应认清缔约时的客观经济形势,遵循诚实信用原则,并充分考虑适用该条款可能产生的经济后果。相应地,应从债务的性质、债务不履行的主体及其性质等方面入手设定交叉违约条款的内容,以平衡贷款行与借款人的利益。     

Long-run stock performance of German initial public offerings and seasoned equity issues

We estimate the long-run stock performance after initial public offerings (IPOs) in the German capital market with a larger sample than prior studies and alternative benchmarks (the equally and the value-weighted market portfolio, size portfolios and matching stocks). In addition we present the first results on the long-run performance after seasoned equity issues (SEOs) in Germany. We conclude that size portfolios and matching stocks are better benchmarks than market portfolios. Using buy‐and-hold abnormal returns, we estimate that German stocks involved in an IPO or in a SEO, on average, underperform a portfolio consisting of stocks with a similar market capitalization by 6% in three years. This is considerably less than the underperformance after IPOs and SEOs in the US market reported by Loughran and Ritter (1995) and the underperformance after IPOs in Germany reported by Ljungqvist (1997). We also show that the apparent underperformance of the 1988–1990 IPO cohort discussed by Ljungqvist (1997) disappears when the abnormal performance estimate is based on size instead of market portfolios.     

Who Should Abate Carbon Emissions? A Note

Economists commonly believe that failure to equalize the marginal cost of carbon abatement across countries implies a loss of global efficiency. Chichilnisky and Heal [(1994), Economic Letters 44, 444] first challenged this consensus a decade ago, demonstrating that, in general, efficiency does not require equalizing marginal abatement costs. This note revisits that important debate. It provides the missing intuition behind Chichilnisky and Heal’s surprising result, explains what critical assumption gives rise to their result, and clarifies the role a social welfare function plays in their model. The implications of Chichilnisky and Heal’s result are increasingly important, given international debate over the preferential role given to developing countries in the Kyoto Protocol and the role those countries will play in future climate negotiations.     

Joint Dynamics of House Prices and Foreclosures

This paper studies the joint transitional dynamics of the foreclosures and house prices in a standard life‐cycle incomplete markets model with housing and a realistic long‐term mortgage structure. We calibrate our model to match several long‐term features of the U.S. housing market, and analyze the effects of several unexpected and permanent shocks on the house price and the foreclosure rate both across the steady states and along the transition between the steady states. We examine permanent, unexpected shocks to the risk‐free interest rate, the minimum down‐payment ratio, and unemployment. During the transition, these shocks create large movements in house prices. More importantly, the foreclosure dynamics are quite significant along the transition compared to the steady‐state changes, and there are strong feedbacks between foreclosures and house prices. We assess the effects of a temporary reduction in the risk‐free interest rate, which has moderate effects on house prices but little effect on foreclosure dynamics. We also study the effects of an ex ante macroprudential policy, which establishes a minimum down‐payment requirement at a higher threshold. Such a macroprudential policy helps substantially stabilize both house prices and foreclosures.     

公平的“价格”:以住房保障为例

公平有"价",这个价格不仅体现在"生产"公平的工具性成本上,而且体现在公平作用于市场运行之上可能产生的效率增进或效率损失上。住房保障作为一种"公平品",公平目标的选择受到经济发展阶段的制约,而公平实现形式或工具的选择受到市场条件的制约。在房地产市场"泡沫化"的过程中,住房保障应以廉租房建设等供给导向型政策为主;在房地产市场低迷的情况下,住房保障应以存量房的租房补贴等需求导向型政策为主。同时,住房市场供求关系的地域差异决定了住房保障政策工具选择的分权化模式更具效率。     

纳税人诉讼的价值分析

纳税人诉讼中的“纳税人”,包括纳税义务人以及与纳税义务人地位类似的代扣代缴义务人、负税人。我国目前不允许纳税人针对政府违法使用公共资金的行为提起行政诉讼。而通过论述,文章认为纳税人诉讼具有全面实现行政诉讼功能、救济纳税人人权利,全面体现法律的公平、正义和自由的价值。     

谈一事不再罚原则在治超中的运用

一些业主为了实现利润最大化,无视国家有关法律法规,超限运营,给安全生产和人民生命财产带来了各种隐患。国家对超限运输进行了多年专项治理和整顿,然而至今尚存执法漏洞,没能彻底解决问题。对此,笔者提出了自己的见解。