新疆乌昌地区主体功能区划分研究

市镇主体功能区划是对宏观层面主体功能区划的细划,是主体功能区走向具体操作的关键步骤。乌昌各市县独特的地理区位气候及生态条件,对各地区功能区划提出了不同的要求。本文针对乌昌地区发展状况,参照“十一五”规划纲要提出的主体功能区划分基本思路,以水土资源、生态环境、社会经济技术发展潜力等因素构建区域承载指标体系,并以乌昌九市县为基本空间单元,运用状态空间法划定乌昌主体功能区。     

出口加工区的技术溢出效应的文献综述

我国从建立第一批出口加工区以来，至令已过去六个年头了。随着经济的发展，最初建立出口加工区以便于管理出口加工贸易的功能逐步转变为如何更好地拉动当地经济发展。本文对上世纪70年代以来国内外经济学在出口加工技术溢出效应地研究进行了总结，并指出研究的一些不足之处，以期为我国开展相应地研究提供借鉴。     

高新区创新、创业环境研究

高新区是资金、人才、技术等要素的聚集地,高新产业应在区内形成一个相对稳定的产、研、发链,并与区内、区际环境相依赖。高新区创新、创业环境状况对区内高新企业发展具有决定性作用,因此,应从政策层面、区域层面、高新区层面制定切实可行的措施,优化高新区创新、创业环境,促进高新产业区健康发展。     

基于"三带"生态特色资源的湘西工业品牌建设研究

湘西在地理位置、气候、土壤以及地质结构因素的影响下，潜藏着三个生态优势带：发酵带、富硒带、亚麻酸带。当地的湘酒鬼、老爹果王素等品牌取得极大的成功，就是开发和营运了这种独特的生态资源优势。本文基于湘西“三带”产品品牌发展的现状和取得的经验，给出了“三带”产品品牌建设的定位模型，并提出了品牌建设的政府措施和企业措施。     

高新区创新创业能力的综合评价

高新区评价指标体系和评价模型具有重要的理论和现实意义,不仅有利于各区域了解其创新创业能力的相对强弱,更有利于了解其创新创业能力各方面的优势和不足。而人工神经网络具有自学习、自组织、自适应和容错性等很多优点,本文根据人工神经网络的原理和方法来进行高新区创新创业能力评价,并给出了评价实例。     

How farmers perceive and cope with bowalization: A case study from West Africa

Bowal, a particular form of land degradation occurs only in tropical regions. This study aims at assessing the perceptions of farmers on the causes and consequences of bowalization and the developed strategies to cope with it in semiarid and sub-humid climate zones in Benin. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Representatives from 279 households of nine ethnic groups in the semiarid zone of Benin (Peulh, Bariba, Dendi, Nagots and Mocolé) and in the sub-humid zone (Fon, Mahi, Holli and Adja) were interviewed. Pearson Chi-square Test was performed to analyze the perceptions on the causes, consequences and coping strategies with bowé in the two climate zones. Simple correspondence analysis was used to evaluate the coping strategies according to the ethnic groups. Bowalization was reported to be induced by non-adapted land use and soil erosion. An increase of farmed land and animal-drawn tillage was more perceived in the semiarid zone as cause of bowalization. Bowalization leads to loss of biodiversity in the two climates zones. Its consequences for the production of crops consist mainly in reducing water retention capacity of the soils, rooting difficulties for crops and increase of soil temperature. Farmers in the semiarid zone have adopted planting of cowpea and groundnut on bowé. Adapted cropping techniques in the semiarid zone consist in using a hoe for manual tillage and weed control. Ethnic groups of both climate zones that depend mainly on livestock herding have to practice transhumance and use food supply for the animals. The Bariba and Dendi in the semiarid zone modified their practices of tillage, weed control, sowing, fertilization, and livestock feeding most. The Mahi, Holli, Fon and Adja of the sub-humid zone mostly reduced their farmland, changed the crops and fields and adopted new off-farms activities. The Peulh mostly practiced transhumance independent from the zone. The type of coping strategies to bowé is dependent on the climate zone and ethnic group.     

Implementing the water framework directive in Denmark – Lessons on agricultural measures from a legal and regulatory perspective

One of the major challenges in the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is how to address diffuse agricultural pollution of the aquatic environment. In Denmark the implementation of agricultural measures has been fraught with difficulty in the form of delays and legal proceedings, despite an ambitious starting point. Why has the implementation of the WFD been so difficult? Based on an analysis of three core components (effectiveness, scale and legal issues) of three agricultural measures (riparian zones, reduced management of streams and catch crops), the paper argues that the legal and regulatory complexity of adopting mandatory land use related measures at the national level to achieve site-specific environmental objectives was underestimated in a top-down political process. The ambitious mandatory policy measures, which added to existing high regulation pressure, led to regulatory challenges, such as possible violation of private property rights raising questions about the actual environmental effects at local level. Consequently, political acceptability and legitimacy of the agricultural measures were undermined, resulting in a gradual withdrawal of the measures and a policy failure. It is argued that the adoption of more flexible measures to be implemented at the local level could have resulted in fewer difficulties from an economic and legal point of view as measures could have been applied where there was a clear environmental benefit, and possibly also at a lower cost.     

乌鲁木齐出口加工区竞争力提升思考

出口加工区是我国为了促进加工贸易的健康发展,规范加工贸易管理,适应加入世界贸易组织和面临经济全球化形势而设立的。乌鲁木齐出口加工区就是在这样一个背景下建立的,它是借力中亚,推动新疆外贸结构升级、发展加工贸易的向西出口加工基地。由于它具备的各种优势,其发展潜力巨大,但与东部沿海地区相比,现行发展水平还很低,存在着很多制约因素。在此,本文就加快发展乌鲁木齐出口加工区并提升其竞争力提出了一些思考。     

打造山东半岛蓝色经济区对鲁西经济欠发达地区经济发展带来的机遇与挑战——以山东聊城为例

打造山东半岛蓝色经济区,肯定会带动山东经济的快速发展,但也会给山东西部经济欠发达地区的经济发展带来机遇与挑战,研究目的就是认清形势,共同发展。     

创新型经济对高新区发展的影响及其应对策略

转变经济发展方式是我国经济发展的重要任务,经济发展必须由依靠要素驱动、投资驱动的传统经济转向以创新驱动为动力的创新型经济。创新型经济的发展要求高新区必须进一步提高自主创新能力、增强科技创新与经济发展的带动力和辐射力以及突破原有的发展模式。文章认为,高新区的当务之急是要树立科学的创新型经济发展理念;明确产业发展方向,推进产业创新,构建现代产业体系;创新发展模式,增强创新型经济发展的内生动力。