Prioritising alternatives for sustainable end-of-life vehicle disassembly in China using AHP methodology

The projection on Chinese increasing end-of-life vehicle (ELV) volumes indicates that the volume in 2020 will be about threefold that in 2015. The issue of scrapping vehicle upsurge relative to capacity crunches and environmental impacts perplexes Chinese dismantlers and it is intractable and urgent to choose an appropriate dismantling mode. The purpose of this study is to prioritise four potential dismantling modes and provide decision-making reference for dismantlers with a view to such criteria as environmentally sustainable considering constraints involving economy, technique, ecology and flexibility over changing condition. The conducted evaluation by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology takes sensitive and problematic aspects into account through questionnaires. The whole evaluation process supported by expert preferences, provides a simple and intuitive knowledge to construct arguments for ELV decision-making process. Results show that disassembly line involves the highest global weight of 0.363 and is concluded to be the best compromised ecological alternative.     

财政政策影响区域经济增长的实证研究——以西部大开发投资政策为例

基于中国省区水平上的面板数据,借鉴Kiel处理面板数据的方法,对西部大开发的物质资本和人力资本投资政策进行评估,结果表明:西部大开发的物质资本投入虽然促进了西部地区经济增长的速度,但是该政策并没有缩小东西部地区经济增长的差距,西部地区的经济增长仍然落后于东部地区的经济增长。西部大开发的人力资本投资政策并没有显示出其对西部地区经济增长的作用。     

Evaluating drug cost per responder and number needed to treat associated with lixisenatide on top of glargine when compared to rapid-acting insulin intensification regimens on top of glargine,in patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK,Italy, and Spain

Objectives: This study investigated the cost per responder and number needed to treat (NNT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients for lixisenatide compared to insulin intensification regimens using composite endpoints in the UK, Italy, and Spain.

Methods: Efficacy and safety outcomes were obtained from GetGoal Duo-2, a 26-week phase 3 trial comparing lixisenatide vs insulin glulisine (IG) once daily (QD) and three times daily (TID). Response at week 26 was extrapolated to 52 weeks, assuming a maintained treatment effect, based on long-term evidence in other T2DM populations. Responders were defined using composite end-points, based on an HbA1c threshold and/or no weight gain and/or no hypoglycemia. The HbA1c threshold was varied in sensitivity analyses. Annual treatment costs were estimated in euros (1 GBP?=?1.26 EUR), including drug acquisition and resource use costs. Cost per responder was computed by dividing annual treatment costs per patient by the proportion of responders.

Results: Lixisenatide was associated with the lowest cost per responder for all composite end-points that included a weight-related component. For the main composite end-point of HbA1c ≤7.5% AND no weight gain AND no symptomatic hypoglycemia, cost per responder results were: UK: 6,867€, 8,746€, and 12,410€; Italy: 7,057€, 9,160€, and 12,844€; Spain: 8,370€, 11,365€, and 17,038€, for lixisenatide, IG QD, and TID, respectively. The NNT analysis showed that, for every 6.85 and 5.86 patients treated with lixisenatide, there was approximately one additional responder compared to IG QD and TID, respectively.

Limitations: A limitation of the clinical inputs is the lack of 52-week trial data from GetGoal Duo-2, which led to the assumption of a maintained treatment effect from week 26 to 52.

Conclusions: This analysis suggests lixisenatide is an efficient economic resource allocation in the UK, Italy, and Spain.     

基于多视角的PFI项目风险评估研究

PFI（Private Finance Initiative）是目前发达国家广泛推行的一种新的民营资本参与公共投资的项目建设管理模式。政府在确定PFI项目的时候,需要考虑众多因素,从不同角度客观论证项目的可行性。这其中,项目的风险是PFI项目决策时必须考虑的问题。PFI项目相对于传统公共项目而言,风险体系的建立、风险评估的方法都会有其特殊性。同样的风险对于不同的主体会产生不同的影响。本文建立了PFI项目的风险评估指标体系,并且在利益相关者分析的基础上,综合三大主要利益相关者——政府公共部门、SPC、使用者（公众）的群体意见,运用基于格栅获取的模糊Borda数方法实现了PFI项目风险的多视角评估。对多个备选PFI项目中进行多视角评估,可实现项目决策的优先排序;对单一项目进行多视角评估,可反映项目的风险水平;最后通过算例验证该方法的可行性、有效性和实用性。PFI模式在我国适逢良好的发展机遇,相关的理论研究正成为热点,风险管理就是其中的一大方面,对此所作的探讨是必须且有意义的。     

基于BD-GIS耦合模型的北京奥林匹克 森林公园景观优化策略研究

随着城市人口的增加和人们健康意识的增强,近年 来城市公园的使用率呈现迅速上升趋势。手机等智能电子设备 的高速发展,使人们可以在户外运动中监测自身活动轨迹、距 离和能量消耗等。以北京奥林匹克森林公园为例,通过手机 信令、微博、百度POI等大数据与GIS技术结合,构建依托大 数据的GIS耦合模型,从游人的行为需求出发对公园的慢跑游 线、景点热度、游人空间分布等进行使用后量化评价,并针对 问题提出北京奥林匹克森林公园的景观优化策略。结果显示大 数据与GIS的结合可以为公园的景观优化提供客观且理性的整 改依据,从而更科学地指导城市公园的景观提升。     

上市公司社会责任财务绩效评价存在的问题成因及对策

目前,我国上市公司的社会责任财务评价存在诸多问题,国家没有具体规定评价体系,存在信息披露的不充分性和公司自身短视行为,对上市公司的财务评价造成制约。挖掘其原因,除了我国的研究起步相对晚外等历史原因,也有着社会责任存在不易使用会计指标反映的自身原因,不易量化的指标成为了社会责任财务评价绊脚石。要解决这些问题,不仅需要对上市公司披露社会责任信息进行强化和监管,更需要公众的监督。     

基于灰色层次模型的物流企业综合评价研究

从信息化水平、人员素质、企业规模、成本费用、客户服务水平、管理水平等六个方面建立了评价物流企业的多级指标体系。通过专家评分的方法得出物流企业各项具体指标的强弱情况,把层次分析法(AHP)和灰色系统理论结合起来建立了灰色层次评价模型,并运用该模型对某物流企业进行了实证分析。     

旅行社产品质量网络评价系统设计研究

依据绩效感知服务质量度量模型(SERVPERF)以旅游者的旅游知觉为标准对旅行社产品进行评价。评价系统将旅行社产品细化并以旅游产品消费过程为基础,以官方机构为主体,运用网络认证码为保障确保结果的真实性。旨在为旅行社产品质量评价、监督提供可行、可靠的网络评价系统。通过评价使旅游信息更加对称,并对旅行社产品质量改进起到督促作用,对实现旅游企业间的良性竞争具有重要的现实意义。     

某公司租用土地开发香蕉项目综合效益分析

A comprehensive evaluation is made in this article on the eco-benefit, social benefit, and economic benefit from banana planting of a company in three planting bases in Xinping County. Before the banana is planted, the land is classified into sloppy land, woodland and arable land We carefully study the three types of land, analyze the various effects and benefits made by banana planting on these types of land, and make a comprehensive comment.     

基于数据包络分析法的区域生态效率评价研究——以内蒙古为例

生态效率是衡量生态发展水平的重要指标,反映了经济发展中利用自然资源减轻环境压力的效率。将数据包络分析(DEA)方法运用到生态效率的实证研究当中,对内蒙古地区2001～2009年的生态效率进行测度和评价。结果表明CO2、工业固体废物、工业废气、工业废水等污染物的排放及能源的消耗成为影响内蒙古地区生态效率的主要因素。总之粗放型经济增长方式制约区域生态效率的改善,技术水平的提高和规模效益的达成是提高生态效率、实现节能减排的根本途径。