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41.
    
This paper carefully surveys the econometric literature that tests for competitiveness effects and related carbon leakage caused by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The results of this literature tell us that to date there is no evidence of the EU ETS having had widespread negative or positive effects on the competitiveness of regulated firms, nor is there evidence of significant carbon leakage. However, the paper also identifies three important caveats to this general conclusion. Firstly, the evidence we have still largely refers to the first two trading periods, namely Phases I (2005–2007) and II (2008–2012). Secondly, some heterogeneity of estimated effects is observed, but patterns, notably sectoral patterns, hardly emerge. Thirdly, very little explored is whether the EU ETS has had long-term effects on the economy via investment leakage or firm dynamics. Further empirical studies investigating these long-term effects are particularly desirable.  相似文献   
42.
    
This paper analyses the relationship between export status and productivity in a major service exporter, Spain, during 2001–07. I find that exporters in the services sector are 45 percent more productive than non‐exporters. This productivity premium is larger for firms that supply non‐internet‐related services than for firms that supply internet‐related services. The results show that exporters were more productive than non‐exporters before beginning to export, and also that exporting increases productivity growth; however, this positive shock vanishes quickly.  相似文献   
43.
注册会计师从事司法会计鉴定业务需要理论和制度的支撑。明确司法会计鉴定的概念和价值是构建注册会计师从事司法会计鉴定业务制度的理论前提。司法会计鉴定人必须具备注册会计师资格,鉴定主体是注册会计师而不是会计师事务所。鉴定启动制度应该保障诉讼权利的实现。鉴定人的诉讼地位与普通证人同等,鉴定人出庭作证、接受询问和交叉询问,是保证司法会计鉴定结论正确的有效途径。  相似文献   
44.
    
The aim of this paper is to offer regional evidence from Spain on alcohol abuse among adolescents. Specifically, we identify the determinants of the decision to abuse alcohol with respect to the five most important regions of Spain, as well as for the country as a whole. To this end, we estimate Probit specifications using data drawn from the Spanish Surveys on Drug Use in the School Population corresponding to 1994, 1996 and 1998. The results first reveal patterns that are qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different. Similarly, it would appear that economic policies aimed at reducing the access of adolescents to alcohol may have a positive effect on reducing abuse. Finally, the results suggest that encouragement be given to healthy habits among young people, as well as to the fight against education failure and the launching of information campaigns that accurately portray the current lifestyle of adolescents.  相似文献   
45.
重要战略机遇期是十六大以来中国共产党对国际国内形势做出的一个科学判断。其后十年中国的发展历程印证了这一伟大判断的正确性和科学性。当前,伴随着世界金融危机影响不断加深,威胁和平与发展的不确定因素增多,国内也面临诸多问题,这给中国的未来发展造成了巨大压力。然而,中国共产党再次抓住问题的关键,准确研判国际国内大局,认为国际方面和平与发展的时代主题没有变,国内经济形势相对稳定,社会主义制度的优越性日益显现。在此基础上,十八大报告指出,中国仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。  相似文献   
46.
This paper argues that evaluations of public–private partnerships thus far point to contradictory results regarding their effectiveness and value-for-money. Despite continuing political popularity, greater care is needed to strengthen future evaluations and conduct such assessments away from the policy cheerleaders.  相似文献   
47.
In order to assess damage risk caused by climate change in forest areas, Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence and fuzzy measures were applied to develop a framework for the estimation of economic forest damage. According to the definition of risk supported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a function of hazard and resilience lines of evidence was defined. The results of the hazard and resilience assessment were used to develop an economic framework based on Faustmann studies. The evaluation model, implemented through a spatial analysis procedure, was carried out linking Faustmann formula with hazard and resilience raster maps. The model permitted to estimate in monetary terms two possible costs to be supported: the first one is expressed as the expected damage to the forest crop on the basis of the current obtainable woody assortments and the second one referred to the potential expenses to pay in order to mitigate the risk. Finally, the framework was tested on an area of central Italy (Tuscany region).  相似文献   
48.
针对冲突证据合成时传统证据合成和单一修正改进方法存在的问题,提出了新的证据源预处理和组合规则双修正的证据合成方法。利用夹角余弦理论,计算证据向量距离后转化得到权重系数,依据权重系数对证据进行重新概率分配,完成证据源修正;之后用修正的动态合成规则,进行修正证据的合成;同时提出了算法分析模型。实例结果验证了算法在证据合成时具有最优结果、较强通用性和稳定性,可应用于信息融合、不确定信息决策等领域。  相似文献   
49.
首先阐述了企业应对反倾销会计信息证据效力保障机制的研究意义,明确了该机制研究的理论基础是由一个整合理论框架,以及严谨的概念基础和良好的创新语境等组成。然后,对国内外研究现状进行了动态分析,把国内学者相关研究的新进展和成效,国外经典的研究方法体系和关注企业策略性行为对反倾销的影响,战略性\"反倾销管理\"理念,作为设计我国企业应对反倾销会计信息证据效力保障机制的借鉴,从企业战略层面及相应的制度配置与协调上,构建了与我国企业应对反倾销相适应的会计信息证据效力保障机制。  相似文献   
50.
从理论上分析了内部控制对反倾销企业税负的影响,并在涉诉反倾销企业问卷调查的基础上,又对内部控制与反倾销企业采信度和税负水平进行了实证检验。研究结果表明,企业控制环境中的反倾销知识和人才、控制活动要素中的职务控制和预算控制以及风险评估要素中的目标设立和风险评估与企业反倾销调查举证的采信度存在正相关关系;控制活动的职务分离控制,风险评估要素中的目标设立和风险评估要素均与企业终裁中被征反倾销税负水平高低呈负相关关系。  相似文献   
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