我国海运服务贸易竞争力影响因素的实证研究

本文基于钻石模型中竞争力影响因素的理论,选取2001²010年我国沿海规模以上港口的外贸货物吞吐量、交通运输业生产总值、货物贸易出口额、远洋运输量以及海运服务贸易开放度等5个指标对我国海运服务贸易竞争力的影响因素进行实证分析。研究表明,国内市场需求的增加和海运开放程度的加大能提高我国海运服务贸易出口额。本文基于实证结果提出提高自有船舶运输比例、调整海运开放策略以及提高海运行业竞争力等对策建议。     

上市公司巨额亏损预警的Logit模型实证研究

运用Logit非线性回归模型，以1999—2001年连续三年盈利但2002年出现巨额亏损的37家上市公司和与之配对的37家盈利公司为研究样本，进行巨额亏损的预警分析。研究结果表明，由净资产收益率、每股净利润、经营性资产收益率和经济增加值解释的盈利能力因子与由主营业务收入增长率解释的发展能力因子，对巨额亏损有显著的预测能力。     

RO PUF硬件物理指纹性能评估

入网设备的身份认证是工业互联网、物联网安全运行的基础。通过分析物理不可克隆函数(Physical Unclonable Function,PUF)作为入网设备的身份凭据应具有的特性,建立了其性能的多层指标体系。按照性能指标的重要性分为必要指标、重要指标和应用指标,对每项指标及其评估方法进行了说明,并给出了可用于PUF选型的综合评估方案。实验结果表明,该PUF性能指标体系和评估方案在工程上是可行的。     

我国轴承产品贸易逆差诱发因素的实证分析

改革开放以来,我国轴承产品进出口贸易快速发展,但2006年轴承产品贸易开始出现了逆差.文章分析了2002～2007年我国轴承产品进出口贸易增长特点,并运用恒定市场份额模型从需求效应、商品构成效应和竞争力效应三个方面讨论了我国轴承产品进口波动的成因.实证结果表明,需求效应是影响进口逆差的主要因素,商品构成效应起次要作用,而竞争力不足阻碍了出口,进一步扩大了逆差.对提高我国轴承产品的国际竞争力提出了建议.     

On the relationship between the current account and the fiscal balance: The case of Canada

This paper uses an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to examine the long run and short run relationship between the current account and the fiscal balance, as well as other determinants, using Canadian quarterly data from 1981 to 2018. The results indicate that there is a long-run cointegrating relationship between the current account and the fiscal balance, investment, and private credit. Moreover, the relationship between the current account and the fiscal balance is positive in the long-run, thus providing support for the Keynesian Hypothesis of the fiscal balance driving the current account. Specifically, a one percentage point rise in the fiscal balance to GDP ratio yields a 0.43 percentage point rise in the current account as a percent of GDP. This positive relationship is present in the short-run as well. Finally, the findings from the error correction model yield a speed of adjustment of 0.225, hence 22.5% of the long-run adjustment in the current account occurs next period.     

Fiscal consolidations and electoral outcomes in emerging economies: Does the policy mix matter? Macro and micro level evidence from Latin America

Do voters punish governments that introduce fiscal “austerity” measures? If so, does voter response vary according to the composition of fiscal adjustments? The empirical literature on the political economy of fiscal adjustments, which is mostly OECD-based, argues that consolidations do not have significant electoral consequences. In contrast, we find that voters punish fiscal consolidations at the polls in Latin America. To explain this result, we focus on the way fiscal adjustments episodes are implemented, both in terms of their design (taxes vs. spending) and timing. Such episodes rely fundamentally on increasing tax rates and bases of indirect taxes (such as the VAT) that hit broad segments of the population. Moreover, these policies are often implemented when politicians have no choice but to consolidate, that is, under severe economic circumstances. These macro results are corroborated with micro evidence from an original survey experiment that measures voter’s fiscal policy preferences over the business cycle in seven countries across Latin America. The experimental evidence shows that respondents prefer expenditure cuts to tax increases during downturns, which is the opposite of the type of consolidations that countries typically pursue.     

Disability Insurance: Theoretical Trade-Offs and Empirical Evidence*

Disability insurance provides protection against health shocks that limit the ability to work. In most countries, these programmes are large and growing, both in expenditure and in number of recipients. We discuss the traditional trade-off between insurance and incentives in providing this insurance, with a focus on the US and UK experiences. There is substantial evidence on the extent of the labour supply incentive costs of disability insurance, but there has been a lack of evidence on the insurance value until very recently. Further, evidence on errors in the disability insurance process suggests false rejections of genuine claimants is a substantial problem, and these are more serious than false acceptances of healthy applicants. We provide a life-cycle framework for understanding the trade-offs and to evaluate the welfare implications of policy reforms. We argue that reforms should be focused on reducing false rejections and supporting labour market attachment. The difficulty in considering reform is that the design of disability insurance has many aspects that interact and impact on outcomes.     

基于数字射频存储的假目标高度控制干扰技术

针对基于数字射频存储（DRFM）的雷达高度欺骗干扰方法存在假目标逼真度低、易被识别和易被滤除的问题，为提高假目标干扰效果，根据雷达顺序波瓣法测仰角和DRFM干扰机的工作原理，提出功率等比转发与比例延时相结合的假目标高度控制算法，阐述了无人机载DRFM干扰机实施干扰的工作流程。经仿真计算，对比了高度控制算法、非均匀重复转发和功率颠倒转发所产生的假目标在航迹、高度和速率方面的差异，证明了高度控制算法产生的假目标运动状态更接近于真实目标，从而验证了该方法的有效性。     

财政赤字、通货膨胀与债务危机——陈云对赤字财政的有关思想及其现实启示

"坚决不打赤字财政",是陈云一贯而鲜明的主张,因为在他看来,财政赤字与通货膨胀密不可分。建国初期,我国人民饱受通货膨胀之苦,而"币值下跌、物价上涨的主要原因,是政府的财政赤字庞大"。因此,陈云力主财政安排留有余地,尽量避免出现赤字,尤其忌讳将赤字用于投资。在这一思想的主导下,计划经济时期我国财政预算保持平衡,物价基本稳定。新时期以来,我国经济体制和市场环境发生重大变化,财政赤字渐成常态,相应地物价亦呈不断上涨趋势。尽管近年来连年出现的财政赤字主要依靠发行公共债务来弥补,但这终究不是长久之计,当下的欧债危机警醒了我们,陈云提出的"建设规模的大小必须和国家财力物力相适应"是一条不变的真理。     

地方政府赤字财政下的物价控制与货币政策选择

货币经济学的一个基本观点就是,紧缩的货币政策能够降低通货膨胀,而扩张性的货币政策能够导致通货膨胀。费德斯坦指出,没有充分考虑财政政策的影响,这是货币经济学的严重缺陷。因此,文章结合我国当前的财政政策,探讨了在地方政府赤字财政下,中央银行如何控制和治理通货膨胀。文章认为,在地方政府赤字财政下,如果政府通过银行融资具有优先权的话,紧缩的货币政策不仅不能够控制通货膨胀,反而加速了通货膨胀。