Inequality and Trade Policy: The Pro‐Poor Bias of Contemporary Trade Restrictions

This paper studies the pro‐poor bias of trade policy in India by estimating the household welfare effects of removing the current protection structure. The elimination of a pro‐poor trade policy is expected to have a negative differential welfare effect at the low end of the distribution. The paper first constructs trade restrictiveness indexes for household consumption items and industries using both tariffs and non‐tariff barriers. The results indicate that Indian trade policy is regressive through the expenditure channel as it disproportionately raises the cost of consumption for poorer households, while it is progressive through the earnings channel. Based on the net welfare effects, the elimination of the current trade protection structure is estimated to reduce inequality. These results indicate that a trade policy that is progressive through the earnings channel may induce a price effect that is regressive through the expenditure channel.     

The impact of more complex family structure upon marital earnings premiums

This article employs a unique data set from Trinidad and Tobago to examine the impact of their more complex family structures upon marital earnings premiums. While family structure includes the single married couple structure common in the US, families in Trinidad and Tobago often have more adults living in the household, multiple married couples living in the same family, and multigenerational families. Marital premiums for family members most likely to invest in labor market production are estimated to increase with more complex family structure. In contrast, estimated marital premiums for members most likely to invest in home production are decreased with more complex family structure. Results suggest that specialization within the larger family help explain the existence of marital premiums.     

Poverty Traps, Indeterminacy, and the Wealth Distribution

We consider a one-sector growth model in continuous time with a production externality and endogenous labor supply. There is a continuum of households who have identical preferences but differ with respect to their initial wealth. We show that there exist economies such that an indeterminate steady state exists for some wealth distribution but not for others. A second result is that a redistribution of wealth may drive the economy from a steady state with strictly positive output to a poverty trap in which output converges asymptotically to zero. These results indicate that differences in the wealth distribution may be responsible for drastic differences in the long-run standard of living. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D31, D50, O41.     

以法治国与建立现代企业制度

本文首先分析了家族制企业的根源,紧接着进一步指出建立现代企业制度是家族制企业的必然趋势;随后以案例的形式,针对企业在微观上推行制度化管理所应遵循的原则进行了分析;最后针对我国正处于转轨时期,宏观层面上的政策、法规的设计至为重要.本文指出在宏观制度设计上,一定要适合中国目前的国情,尽可能地坚持以宽为政的方针.为此,作者还提出了十三条具体建议.     

基于旅游扶贫战略的效应分析及创新对策研究——以星子县为例

旅游扶贫是一种新型的扶贫方式,其优势在于变资源优势为经济优势,变外力输血为内在造血,变被动生存为主动发展。文章以江西省星子县为例进行实证研究,分析旅游资源富集的欠发达地区旅游扶贫中普遍存在的困难,并由此提出化解困难的机制与对策。     

包容性金融发展与农村居民贫困减缓——基于全要素生产率视角的分析

本文用DEA—Malmquist指数法测算了全要素生产率指数,结合2006—2016年中国内地省际面板数据,基于全要素生产率视角,运用中介效应模型实证分析了包容性金融发展对农村居民贫困的影响。实证结果表明：（1）包容性金融发展能够通过全要素生产率的中介效应发挥减贫作用。（2）进一步的研究发现,包容性金融服务渗透度的提升对贫困的影响最为显著;同时,包容性金融发展可通过技术进步和效率提升作用来推动全要素生产率增长,进一步作用于贫困。（3）稳健性检验表明,我国东部与中西部地区包容性金融发展水平差异较大,对全要素生产率的提升乃至农村减贫的贡献表现出较大不平衡性。本文的政策建议为：首先,应持续推进包容性金融发展,充分发挥全要素生产率的中介效应,以更快实现2020年全面脱贫目标;其次,要继续加强农村金融基础设施建设,以实现金融服务均等性,充分发挥金融减贫的优势;最后,要合理配置金融资源,注重地区间发展的公平性,以实现经济社会均衡发展。     

家族企业代际传承影响企业经营绩效的路径*——基于跨代转型创业与继承人社会资本的视角

本文研究了家族企业代际传承对企业经营绩效的影响路径。基于2004—2015年间已完成代际传承的中国上市家族企业,本文从跨代转型创业视角考察代际传承对企业经营绩效的影响路径,并考察继承人社会资本的调节作用。研究发现：代际传承会导致企业经营绩效下降,跨代转型创业在上述过程中发挥中介作用。同时,继承人的社会资本会加强上述消极影响。跨代转型创业对企业经营绩效的消极影响会逐年减弱,且继承人的社会资本对此消极影响有削弱作用。     

重男轻女观念会加剧当地家族企业的机会主义动机吗——以家族企业上市公司为例

本文基于重男轻女观念的视角,探究地区文化是否会影响当地家族企业的机会主义动机。本文研究发现,重男轻女地区的家族企业更愿意安排男性家族成员担任CEO等重要职位,更多地引入家族成员参与企业经营。由于担心这种机会主义行为,外部投资者对当地家族企业的投资更为谨慎。本文从地区文化的视角阐释了家族企业的异质性,推动了已有研究从“家族企业与非家族企业有何不同”向“不同地区文化下的家族企业间有何不同”层面深入。     

城市扶贫政策的消极性缺陷及其改进途径

认为"积极福利"的核心理念是无责任即无权利,其具体的实施维度可以丰富和重构为四个方面,即保障生活、提升资本、增加权利和增强动力,其中资本包括人力资本和社会资本.从"积极福利"的角度看,我国现行城市扶贫政策存在较为明显的消极性,即侧重于从外部对贫困者进行基本生活救助,而相对忽视了挖掘和激发贫困者自身的潜能,这不利于搞好城市扶贫工作和构建和谐社会,应营建更加积极的城市扶贫政策.     

基于区域一体化的生态经济发展研究—以京津冀北为例

打破冀北地区生态恶化与经济贫困的恶性循环,是京津冀实现可持续发展的关键.它要求相关行政区域在产业政策、生态治理上加强合作,在区域一体化的基础上发展生态经济.路径在于:通过水权交易和生态补偿,实现生态治理成本的共担;通过项目合作,构建生态型产业体系.基于区域一体化的生态经济发展还要求政府治理形态的嬗变,即从行政区经济和行政区行政转向区域公共治理.