设置三角形阻流件的通道内流体流动特性研究

对常物性流体在通道内的周期性充分发展层流流动特性进行二维数值计算分析,所研究的通道是由两平行平板和交错布置于两平行平板上的多个三角形阻流件构成。给出了不同阻流件高度、顶角和间距以及不同Re 数下的流函数图和阻力特性曲线。     

中小企业融资困境的经济学解释

中小企业的迅速发展,使我国在整体经济不利的环境下保持了较快的增长速度。但是中小企业在取得巨大发展的同时,在信贷市场上却面临着商业银行的信贷配给,陷入融资难的困境。文章试图从信贷配给的视角解释商业银行面对中小企业的信贷配给,用二元经济模式下的双重信贷配给解释中小企业的融资困境,并且提出中小企业解决融资困境的一条可行性途径,即市场利率化,信贷信息联网以及信贷担保体系。     

物流金融实务研究

物流金融是一个新的概念,也是国内第三方物流供应商新的赢利增长点.本文从实务的角度研究物流金融的业务流程、如何规避操作过程中的风险以及目前国内外第三方物流供应商提供的物流金融服务,并着重介绍了物流金融的四种操作模式:垫付货款、代收货款、仓单质押和保兑仓.     

我国商业银行营销渠道的选择

商业银行营销渠道的选择是一项重要的战略决策，它会极大地影响其经营业绩和成本水平。目前，我国商业银行的营销渠道还比较狭窄，基层网点功能单一，服务手段落后。今后，商业银行要根据目标市场客户的需求，积极开发新的金融产品，大力整合、开发和拓宽营销渠道。     

Trade-off Model of Debt Maturity Structure

In this paper, we suggest the trade-off model to explain the choice of debt maturity. This model is based on balancing between risk and reward of using shorter-term loans. Shorter-term loans have cost advantage over, but incur higher refinancing and interest rate risk than longer-term loans. Using the Compustat data, we show that the principal components of financial attributes are financial flexibility and financial strength. Therefore, only firms with greater financial flexibility and financial strength can use proportionately more short-term loans. We also document that financially strong firms take advantage of lower interest rates of short-term debt. They use proportionately more short-term loans when the term premium is high. The results of our study also provide evidence supporting the agency cost hypothesis, which is strongly supported by current literature.     

Uncertainty and Financing Constraints

Using a panel of Dutch listed firms this paper provides empirical evidence for the hypothesis that more risky firms are confronted with more severe capital market constraints than relatively less risky firms. The paper also contributes to the discussion on the usefulness of cash flow as a measure of financial constraints. We present a stochastic version of the Kaplan-Zingales (1997) model. We show that cash flow sensitivity can be used as a meaningful indicator of financing constraints if firms are classified by the degree of uncertainty they face and if the uncertainty originates from cost uncertainty.     

Testing the conflict-performance assumption in business-to-business relationships

There is little empirical research published testing the interdependency between conflict in business-to-business relationships and commercial performance. The “conflict-performance assumption”—all other factors being equal, relationships where conflict is low will outperform relationships where conflict levels are higher—remains central in the marketing channels' literature despite insufficient and contradictory empirical evidence. There are several explanations for the lack of a clear relationship between conflict and performance. Rosenbloom [J. Mark. 37 (1973) 26] theorises that the relationship between conflict and channel performance follows an inverted U-shaped curve, where conflict is most productive at moderate levels and least productive at very low or high levels. Others have argued for a simpler, linear relationship between conflict and performance, usually negative in nature. Various theories about the conflict-performance relationship are empirically tested in a large marketing channel, using a number of dyadic and monadic measures of conflict (latent, perceived, and affective) and two objective measures of performance (effectiveness and efficiency). A linear model (performance declining as conflict increases) is adequate to explain the relationship between dyadic measures of both perceived and affective conflict and channel effectiveness. A threshold model is found to be superior to a linear model in explaining the relationship between dyadic measures of perceived and affective conflict and efficiency. Conflict increases slowly as efficiency falls until a threshold is reached when conflict escalates. Practical implications include that companies need to consider whether performance criteria affecting efficiency are as important to their business partners as those affecting effectiveness. If they are not, then business partners should be rewarded for meeting any such criteria that are more important to the one side of a relationship dyad than to the other.     

Is there a pecking order? Evidence from a panel of IPO firms

We test the pecking order model of capital structure by examining the financing of firms that went public in 1983. We estimate a logit to predict external financing, and a multinomial logit to predict the type of financing using data on the IPO firms' security offerings during 1984–1992. Our results indicate that the probability of obtaining external funds is unrelated to the shortfall in internally generated funds, although firms with cash surpluses avoid external financing. Firms that access the capital markets do not follow the pecking order when choosing the type of security to offer.     

关系型借贷与中小企业融资的实证分析

本文通过一个计量经济学模型来检验企业贷款是否存在关系型借贷,结果发现:大型企业的确存在关系型借贷行为,且对企业的贷款量有显著性影响;中小企业关系型借贷对于贷款量的影响较小,且并不明显。原因可能是商业银行在审批中小企业贷款时,注重对“硬”信息的考察,同时中小企业并没有同某一家或几家商业银行保持长期关系。为改善中小企业融资状况,商业银行应建立起一套完整的信用记录体系,并实现信息共享,在贷款过程中增强对“软”信息的考察,积极培育一批资质较好的中小企业客户并建立密切的联系;中小企业则应该规范财务制度并增强财务信息的透明度,同银行建立长期关系。     

中国经济转型时期商业银行信贷退出问题研究

信贷退出要遵循两个基本原则:一是风险—收益对称原则,二是成本—收益均衡原则。退出成本最低、收益最大、能够较好地掌控风险的时期是信贷退出的最佳时机。判断何时为最佳退出时机必须准确把握行业经济周期、产业结构演进规律、企业生命周期、产品生命周期以及企业信用等级和财务等相关指标的变化。商业银行应该根据信贷进入的行业、区域、企业以及信贷产品制定相应的退出策略。信贷退出路径包括直接退出和间接退出,商业银行应首先考虑间接退出。商业银行信贷退出机制的构建主要包括转换观念,建立行业信贷分析预警退出机制、区域信贷退出机制、客户退出机制、信贷退出激励约束机制等内容。