福建省中小企业信用担保机构发展瓶颈与对策

建立中小企业信用担保体系,是解决当前中小企业融资的有效途径之一。现阶段福建中小企业信用担保机构发展环境和发展势头良好,但面临可持续发展能力有限、代偿能力有限、违规经营乱象、与银行合作困难、内部风险控制能力较弱等发展瓶颈。因此,担保机构应提高自身的业务拓展能力和公司治理能力;政府应加强政策监管,完善信用评级工作,健全担保业多方风险分担机制和引导行业自律规范发展。     

黄淮地区民间融资发展状况研究——以驻马店市为例

以驻马店市为例分析了黄淮地区民间融资的发展状况,进而分析了其存在的问题,最后就如何完善黄淮地区民间融资市场,趋利避害,提出了相应的对策建议。     

供应链融资与完善中小企业信用评价指标体系

针对传统信用评价指标体系的不足,建议一方面从供应链融资整体或核心企业入手,对其信用进行评价;另一方面,从供应链融资内部企业的相互关联入手,运用订货量、产品竞争力、协调性和合作效率等指标,用以完善供应链融资中的中小企业信用评价指标体系,使该评价体系更加符合实际,以有效破解中小企业融资难问题。     

数字普惠金融、知识产权保护与企业创新

加快实施创新驱动发展战略已成为社会各界重点关注的议题。本文将数字普惠金融、知识产权保护与企业创新置于同一框架下进行分析,研究发现：数字普惠金融与知识产权保护均有利于促进企业创新;知识产权保护对数字普惠金融与企业创新的关系具有负向调节作用。进一步分析发现：数字普惠金融主要通过降低信息不对称、融资约束与财务风险来促进企业创新;数字普惠金融的创新激励作用有利于提高企业的产品与资本市场表现、促进地区经济增长;异质性检验发现,知识产权保护对数字普惠金融与企业创新的调节作用具有“规模效应”“融资依赖效应”和“阶段效应”。研究结论不仅丰富了企业创新的相关文献,还为完善金融监管体系、优化知识产权环境提供了有益启示。     

从控制权利益看上市公司融资行为

上市公司(特别是国有控股上市公司)治理结构的主要特征是内部人控制.上市公司的管理层和控股股东的实际控制人共同构成内部人,内部人共同分享控制权利益带来的好处.监管政策的出发点是降低控制权利益,减少内部人(控股股东和管理层)与中小股东、债权人的利益冲突,维护市场的"三公"原则.     

广东省粮食生产影响因素分析：基于时间序列的实证研究

广东省粮食安全问题比较严峻,耕地面积减少、农民种粮积极性不高是导致粮食数量问题的主要因素。保护耕地数量、提高农民种粮积极性是确保广东省粮食产量的根本。采用时间序列分析方法,对1978—2008年广东省粮食播种面积、化肥使用量、成灾面积、农机总动力、有效灌溉面积对粮食总产量的影响进行了实证分析。结果表明,化肥使用用量、成灾面积对粮食总产量有显著影响。     

Optimal mixed taxation,credit constraints,and the timing of income tax reporting

We study optimal income and commodity tax policy with credit‐constrained low‐income households. Workers receive an even flow of income during the tax year, but report their incomes and make tax payments (receive transfers) at the end of the year. They spend their disposable income on multiple commodities over the year. We show that differentiated subsidies on commodities can be optimal even if the Atkinson–Stiglitz Theorem conditions apply. When the optimal policy leaves low‐income households with binding credit constraints, it may be optimal to subsidize differentially the good that they consume in higher proportion. Uniform subsidies would also relax the credit constraint, but would be more costly to the government since they would equally benefit unconstrained households. Numerical examples suggest that commodity tax differentiation increases with basic needs and with the interest rate at which government borrows.     

Policy induced increases in private healthcare financing provide short-term relief of total healthcare expenditure growth: Evidence from OECD countries

Healthcare reforms have long been advocated as a cure to the increasing healthcare expenditures in advanced economies. Nevertheless, it has not been established whether a market solution via private financing, rather than public financing, curb aggregate healthcare expenditures. To our knowledge, this paper is the first that quantifies the impact of reforms that significantly increases (decreases) the private (public) share of healthcare financing on total healthcare expenditures relative to income in 20 OECD countries. Our reform measure is based on structural break testing of the private share of total expenditures, and verification using evidence of policy reforms. To quantify the effect of these reforms we apply Propensity Score Matching and Inverse Probability Weighted regression analysis. Over a 5-year evaluation period the reforms lead to an accumulated cost saving 0.45 percentage points of GDP. The yearly effects of the reforms are largest in the first years in the post-reform period and decreases in size as a function of time since the reform. Our findings suggest that the investigated healthcare reforms have a relatively short-lived effect on aggregate health spending relative to GDP. The findings are robust to various sensitivity tests.     

外部融资依赖度、银行业竞争与经济增长——基于中国制造业的分析

依据1998年至2008年的数据,通过对中国银行业的市场竞争程度进行测度和考察银行业竞争程度对不同外部融资依赖程度的制造业部门的影响,得出结论:我国金融发展和银行业市场竞争程度的提高,有利于外部融资依赖度较高类型的制造业部门的发展,在短期内有利于产业发展和经济增长,但在长期内会导致资金和技术密集型制造业部门的资本深化,对产业结构和经济发展造成不利影响。这对调整和完善我国制造业部门的产业结构、调节和管理不同产业部门的资本需求、促进银行业市场结构健康发展具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。     

不确定性、融资约束与企业投资新特点——基于上市公司的实证研究

利用我国证券市场制造业2001-2006年的数据,在考虑现有上市公司特点和证券市场及其他经济环境特点的基础上,对不确定性和融资约束与中国企业投资关系进行检验,结果显示:加速模型对企业投资行为有较强的解释作用;内部现金流和不确定性对企业投资有明显影响,且两种因素对投资的影响具有相互加强的作用;规模和国有股权比例高未必有利于企业融资;国有股比例越高,企业规模越大,投资对不确定性敏感性越大.因此,应该营造公平的融资环境和稳定的经济环境,尤其是短期市场的稳定性;应注意现阶段大型企业和国有股份程度高的企业的反直觉特点.