技术性贸易壁垒对我国出口的影响及对策思考

随着我国加入世界贸易组织,关税壁垒的作用日益下降,而非关税壁垒,尤其是技术性贸易壁垒对我国产品的出口造成了越来越大的负面影响。在认真分析技术性贸易壁垒的基础上,要正确认识和利用技术性贸易壁垒,避免由于技术性贸易壁垒影响到我国的外贸出口。     

电子商务环境下的旅游商品物流体系研究

在物流业整体发展滞后，并日益成为旅游电子商务发展制约因素的情况下．建立完善的旅游商品物流体系是我国旅游电子商务发展的关键环节。文章给出了电子商务环境下旅游商品物流体系的完整架构．包括旅游商品展销系统、旅游商品运输和仓储系统、现代化物流信息系统和递送网络等四个子系统。并讨论了旅游商品的供应链、旅游连锁商业、旅游业虚拟经营与物流管理的关系以及旅游商品物流的现代化和规模化发展趋势。     

重力式货架仓库的特点及发展概况

重力式货架仓库是一种密集储存式立体仓库．它能充分利用仓库面积．特别适用于周转速度快且要求先入先出的货物的贮存。阐述了重力式货架仓库的类型、结构、动作原理以及国内对外的发展概况。     

物流中心仓库货位优化系统的研究

介绍了什么是货位优化,阐述货位优化技术是如何提高物流中心的操作效率及应用货位优化系统所带来的实际意义,比较了当今国外物流公司已推出的各种货位优化系统之间的区别,提出了开发该系统的基本思路。     

The Nonparametric Approach to Applied Welfare Analysis

Changes in total surplus are traditional measures of economic welfare. We propose necessary and sufficient conditions for rationalizing individual and aggregate consumer demand data with individual quasilinear and homothetic utility functions. Under these conditions, consumer surplus is a valid measure of consumer welfare. For nonmarketed goods, we propose necessary and sufficient conditions on input market data for efficient production, i.e. production at minimum cost. Under these conditions we derive a cost function for the nonmarketed good, where producer surplus is the area above the marginal cost curve. We are greatful to helpful remarks and comments of the referees and the editor. The work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, through Grant BEC2002-2130, the Generalitat de Catlaunya, through Grant 2005SGR-00454 and the Barcelona Economics Program (CREA).     

Wealth inequality and collective action

We study the effect of inequality in the distribution of endowments of private inputs (e.g., land, wealth) that are complementary in production with collective inputs (e.g., contribution to public goods such as irrigation and extraction from common-property resources) on efficiency in a class of collective action problems. We focus on characterizing the joint surplus maximizing level of inequality, making due distinction between contributors and non-contributors, in a framework that allows us to consider a wide variety of collective action problems ranging from pure public goods to impure public goods to commons. We show that while efficiency increases with greater equality within the groups of contributors and non-contributors, so long the externalities (positive or negative) are significant, there is an optimal degree of inequality between these groups.     

农村社区公共物品的农户自愿供给——基于声誉理论的分析

农户的声誉不仅能给农户带来直接效用,它还具备信息效应与资本效应,对农户参与农村社区公共物品供给博弈的均衡路径产生重要影响。在独立博弈下,声誉的直接效用能使农户采取合作行动;在关联博弈和重复博弈中,声誉的信息及资本效应对农户的偷懒行为有很强的约束,将导致博弈进入合作均衡。因此基于声誉损益的考虑,由农户自愿供给农村社区内的公共物品会是一个有效的结果。     

公共产品供给主体及边界确定的交易费用经济学分析——兼论我国公共产品供给过程中交易费用的计量

将新制度经济学中交易费用理论引入公共产品供给分析,给出了供给公共产品的主体确定的理论模型,并在威廉姆森范式扩展的基础上得出了各个主体的边界,认为最优公共产品供给方式的选择和主体边界的确定,取决于公共产品供给过程中发生的交易费用.测算了中国公私部门供给公共产品过程中存在的交易费用,发现就我国公共产品的供给而言,在一定的条件下将公共产品供给由政府部门交给私人部门与第三部门可以节约交易费用,提高公共产品供给的效率.     

Giffen goods and market making

Summary. This paper shows that information effects per se are not responsible for the Giffen goods anomaly affecting traders demands in multi asset noisy, rational expectations equilibrium markets. The role that information plays in traders strategies also matters. In a market with risk averse, uninformed traders, informed agents have a dual trading motive: speculation and market making. The former entails using prices to assess the effect of error terms; the latter requires employing them to disentangle noise traders demands within aggregate orders. In a correlated environment this complicates the signal extraction problem and may generate upward sloping demand curves. Assuming (i) that competitive, risk neutral market makers price the assets or that (ii) uninformed traders risk tolerance coefficient grows unboundedly, removes the market making component from informed traders demands rendering them well behaved in prices.Received: 30 April 2002, Revised: 3 December 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: G100, G120, G140.Support from the Barcelona Economics Program of CREA and the Ente per gli Studi Monetari e Finanziari Luigi Einaudi, are gratefully acknowledged. I thank Anat Admati, Jordi Caballé, Giacinta Cestone, and Xavier Vives for useful suggestions. The comments provided by the Associate Editor and an anonymous referee greatly improved the papers exposition.     

消费品市场有效供给不足的成因及对策

在买方市场条件下 ,我国消费品市场有效供给不足表现为 :消费品市场上的商品价位与消费者的市场收入层次错位、名优品牌和知名品牌商品少、城乡消费鸿沟加深。造成消费品市场有效供给不足的原因是 :消费品生产的市场定位出现误差、生产技术含量低、市场营销能力不强等。要达到消费品市场均衡 ,必须要做好市场定位、提高产品的技术含量、推进名牌战略、降低经营成本