An ecological economic simulation model for assessing fire and grazing management effects on mesquite rangelands in Texas

In the southern Great Plains of North America, fire exclusion has contributed to many rangelands converting from native grassland to woody shrublands dominated by mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) and cactus (Opuntia spp.), threatening ecosystem health and human livelihoods in the region. Prescribed fire is the least expensive method of treating mesquite and other undesirable plants, but its role is as a maintenance treatment to prolong the life of more expensive brush control treatments. Using a simulation model of a hypothetical 1000 ha ranch, we evaluate the biological and economic implications of management scenarios involving the regular application of summer fire to reduce mesquite and cactus over a 30-year time period. We compared the model output with experimental data to corroborate model output before evaluating various management scenarios over a range of stocking rates. Scenarios included (a) varying initial range condition, (b) different frequencies of summer burning, and (c) different initial amounts of mesquite brush. Model simulations corroborated field data sufficiently well to give confidence in the output of the model. In our simulations the option of not treating to reduce brush and cactus had a major negative impact on range condition, secondary productivity and profitability. In contrast, all simulated fire treatments improved range condition, productivity and profitability except when initial range condition was poor. Initial range condition and stocking rate were the major factors affecting both productivity and profitability. Compared to other factors over which managers have short-term control, frequency of burning and the initial amount of mesquite cover, had a relatively minor impact. Simulations indicated that the highest level of profit consistent with maintaining or improving range condition was attained when individual animal production was 92-95% that of the maximum production per animal, a situation invariably associated with relatively low stocking rates.     

关于直流电机环火事故预防及处理

某发电企业曾发生过发电机励磁机环火的事故,本文阐述了直流电机环火事故的预防和解决直流电机环火事故的措施。     

电厂燃煤锅炉灭火原因分析及对策

从锅炉燃料着火和燃烧的条件出发,详细分析了电站锅炉灭火的原因,概括了电站锅炉灭火时的处理要点,并针对煤质变差和低负荷运行两种情况,阐明了预防电站锅炉灭火的对策。     

消防水幕系统的研究现状概述

本文基于目前国内外专家对于消防水幕的研究成果,介绍了不同因素对消防水幕衰减辐射热、阻隔有毒有害气体等方面能力的影响规律,分析了消防水幕在工程中应用的可行性和存在的优缺点,希望以此为消防水幕系统的设计与研究提供参考。     

基于FDS与Pathfinder的学生食堂火灾与人员疏散研究

为有效避免食堂火灾的发生,应用火灾模拟软件FDS和人员疏散模拟软件Pathfinder,建立模型对某学生食堂火灾进行数值仿真分析。根据模拟试验所得结果和数据,分析学生食堂发生火灾时烟气运动、温度的分布和能见度的的变化规律以及人员疏散情况。研究结果表明,该模型能够有效模拟分析学生食堂火灾情况;规范并完善食堂后勤管理和私人承包制度,合理设置报警及消防系统将能有效的预防食堂火灾的发生。     

多指标炮兵火力分配模型

为解决炮兵火力分配方案选择的随意性和盲目性,建立了基于0-1规划的多指标优选模型,并通过实例分析说明了模型在炮兵火力分配计划中的应用,结论表明该分配优选模型的实用性与有效性,为炮兵火力分配与优选提供了一种定量和定性相结合的可行方法。     

浅谈自动喷水灭火系统

自动喷水灭火系统同时具备了防火、控火、灭火的功能,是国际上公认的最为有效的自动灭火设施,是现代建筑防火技术的重要组成部分。文章简单对自动喷水灭火系统进行分析,对设计中常见问题进行讨论。     

基于建筑消防设施安装过程中常见质量通病的探讨

建筑消防设施的安装施工是建筑设备工程最重要的组成部分,同时也是建筑物设施中必不可少的一项建筑安装工程。建筑消防设施施工质量的好坏,直接严重影响建筑消防设施正常运行。从日常监督检查建筑消防设施的施工质量以及工程的验收情况可以看出,建筑消防设施施工过程中仍然存在着一些问题。本文首先重点分析了建筑消防设施安装过程中存在的主要质量通病,然后阐述了产生这些常见质量通病的原因,最后提出解决这些建筑消防设施安装过程中的质量通病对应的对策或建议。     

Accountability for performance in English and Scottish fire and rescue services from 2010 to 2016

ABSTRACT

Using evidence from English and Scottish fire and rescue services from 2010 to 2016, this paper shows how divergent performance management regimes can affect public accountability. Performance management regimes enable agencies and the public to hold public sector organizations accountable by facilitating evaluation of their accomplishments. However, local as opposed to central, control over performance management can have quite different implications for public accountability.     

BIM技术在实验研发中心楼运维管理阶段的应用研究

在项目运维中,基于建筑信息模型(building information model,BIM)技术的应用系统顺应时代要求应运而生.为实现项目全寿命周期智能化管理,主要从运维阶段对实验研发中心进行功能剖析和开发,结合实验研发中心楼特殊的性质开展.以某实验研发中心楼工程图纸及行业标准规范为依据,辅以Revit、Pathfinder、BIM FACE等软件为技术支撑,构建及优化实验研发中心3D模型;研究最适宜实验研发中心的逃生路线,并使用BIM FACE二次开发平台搭建了该楼的运维管理平台.