Gender differences within early stage and established small enterprises: An exploratory study

This paper examines 2 years of data from GEM Canada in order to develop new insights into the factors that contribute to the performance outcomes of female enterprises and how these factors are affected by the firm’s stage of development. The analysis encompasses both personal and organizational characteristics and assesses their association with selected performance measures at the early stage as well as at the established phase of development. The findings indicate that the greater propensity of men to pursue business growth and earnings can be attributed to marital status (live with a partner) and the expected depth of the ownership team. Moreover, the performance outcomes for male entrepreneurs are influenced by a relatively wide range of variables, with business demographics being more prominent than for the female enterprises. For both genders, the mix of relevant underlying factors varies as the venture progresses along the ‘nascent-new-established’ continuum.     

Research on Firm Size, Firm Performance and Internal Auditing Modes——Based on Listed Manufacturing Companies of China

This paper is based on the samples of listed manufacturing companies of China, taking the financial performance as criterion, and then does research on the firm performance with different internal auditing modes, using Cross-sectional data to analyze the distribution of internal auditing modes and the characteristics of the firm performance. The conclusion is that setting up internal auditing is good for the development of companies, but the function of internal auditing has not been widelv fulfilled.     

Bayesian life test planning for the Weibull distribution with given shape parameter

This paper describes Bayesian methods for life test planning with Type II censored data from a Weibull distribution, when the Weibull shape parameter is given. We use conjugate prior distributions and criteria based on estimating a quantile of interest of the lifetime distribution. One criterion is based on a precision factor for a credibility interval for a distribution quantile and the other is based on the length of the credibility interval. We provide simple closed form expressions for the relationship between the needed number of failures and the precision criteria. Examples are used to illustrate the results.Received: October 2002 / Revised: March 2004     

基于集对分析法的地区大中型工业企业自主创新能力评价

为了对地区大中型工业企业自主创新能力进行全面、科学的评价,基于集对分析法,提出了地区大中型工业企业自主创新能力评价指标体系及综合评价模型。通过对我国30个省市区大中型工业企业的实证分析,表明该方法科学简便,具有很好的实用价值。     

矿渣微粉和磨细粉煤灰双掺混凝土的试验与应用

讨论了矿渣微粉和磨细粉煤灰双掺(简称FS双掺)在大体积混凝土以及高强混凝土中的试验与应用,以此体现了它们在经济上的显著效应。     

关于完善我国部门预算改革的基本思路

文章就如何进一步完善我国部门预算改革问题 ,从完善法规政策、改革预算科目、制定合理标准、调整相应机构等方面提出了一些建议。     

企业网络的效率边界研究述评

企业网络是一种既不同于企业也不同于市场的中介性组织形式。企业网络的出现是企业追求效率的结果,同时,它的出现也对现代企业理论关于企业与市场的两分法提出了挑战。对此,理论界纷纷从不同视角对这一新型组织形式展开了讨论,提出了疑问,如什么是企业网络、企业网络存在的价值、企业网络的效率边界应该多大等。本文将对目前学术界关于这些问题的研究现状作一简述。     

论企业的非线性性质

企业作为一个系统,其关键特征是系统的非线性。我们以Adam Smith的大头针工厂作为简单的示例,从个体的生产函数推导出一个非简单加总的总体生产函数,从知识的角度不失一般性地解释了企业非线性性质的来源,并对已有的关于企业性质的论述做了简单的评论。     

Using a customer-Level marketing strategy to enhance firm performance: A review of theoretical and empirical evidence

It is becoming increasingly apparent from the literature that marketers need to consider customer-level information when they generate a marketing strategy for the firm. In this article, the authors develop a customer-focused framework that uses a marketing strategy with an overall objective of maximized financial performance. This strategy is driven by seven customer-level marketing tactics and shows how actual customer data can be used to generate an actionable marketing strategy leading to optimal levels of profitability, customer equity, and shareholder value. In addition, the authors discuss a successful implementation of this strategy for several business-to-business and business-to-consumer firms and offer insights as to how to customize an implementation strategy for any firm, along with presenting potential challenges a firm may encounter during the implementation process. Several suggestions for future research are offered to explore and harness this newly available evidence. V. Kumar (VK) (vk@business.uconn.edu) is the ING Chair Professor of Marketing and the executive director of the ING Center for Financial Services at the University of Connecticut. He spends his time by transferring his knowledge (however little it may be) to his two daughters about customer lifetime value, diffusion models, forecasting sales and market share, retailing, and marketing strategy. J. Andrew Petersen (apetersen@business.uconn.edu) is a doctoral candidate in marketing at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include customer lifetime value, word-of-mouth effects, and customer-level marketing strategy. His research has been published inMarketing Research Magazine and theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science.     

国家规模对贸易投资便利化的影响——基于“一带一路”沿线国家数据的实证分析

以"一带一路"53个沿线国家为研究对象测算贸易投资便利化水平，并运用面板数据模型分析国家规模对贸易投资便利化的影响。研究发现：第一，2013年后，"一带一路"沿线国家的贸易投资便利化水平呈上升趋势。第二，在总样本和分时段样本中，国土规模对"一带一路"沿线国家的贸易投资便利化均具有显著的负向影响。第三，在分时段样本中，"一带一路"倡议提出前，居民收入规模是贸易投资便利化的重要影响因素，而倡议的实施使得贸易投资便利化不再受居民收入规模的影响。第四，在分区域样本中，各变量对贸易投资便利化的影响存在较大差异。基于此，本研究从国家规模的角度为"一带一路"沿线国家贸易投资便利化条件的改善以及中国在"一带一路"沿线国家的直接投资和双边贸易提出建议。