中美贸易摩擦的新焦点--知识产权诉讼调查

美国作为当今世界第一大专利国,其主导产业已经由工业产品生产出口转变为以知识产品（知识产权或专利）的生产和出口为主.因此,中美贸易摩擦逐渐转变为以知识产权纠纷为主的贸易纠纷是不可避免的.目前,美国企业频频对中国企业发起“337”知识产权调查诉讼案,主要是因为诉讼成本低、诉讼效果显著,中国企业应该采取有效的对策.     

框架效应对冲动性购买行为的影响研究

采用2×2×2的实验设计分析框架效应和调节定向对冲动性购买行为的影响。研究发现,正面的属性框架和负面的目标框架下皆有助于提高冲动性购买的程度;调节定向会干扰框架效应对冲动性购买行为的影响效果;当消费者为促进定向时,正面属性框架下的冲动性购买程度更高;促进定向的消费者在正面目标框架下的冲动性购买行为明显增强,而防御定向的消费者在负面目标框架下的冲动性购买行为会明显增强。     

How to inspire users in virtual travel communities: The effect of activity novelty on users’ willingness to co-create

Virtual travel community managers tend to incorporate a degree of novelty within activity design to foster interaction between users. Little is known of how users respond to these novel activities. Based on customer inspiration theory, this research investigated the mechanisms of activity novelty on users' willingness to co-create and the moderating effect of user regulatory focus and activity goal attainability. Results of three scenario-based experiments revealed that activity novelty positively influenced users’ willingness to co-create via user inspiration. Promotion-focused users were more inspired by novel activities and in turn had a higher willingness to co-create than those were prevention-focused. When activity goal attainability was high (vs. low), the positive effect of activity novelty on inspiration was attenuated. We present the theoretical and practical implications of activity design within virtual travel communities.     

The (Un)Controllability Principle: The Benefits of Holding Employees Accountable for Uncontrollable Factors

The controllability principle suggests that employees should not be held accountable for factors outside their control. This study develops novel theory to challenge that thinking. According to the theory, holding employees accountable for uncontrollable factors like peer performance can lead to improved decision-making by increasing how much employees learn from those uncontrollable factors. I expect this effect to occur because goal-focused employees only consider information that seems goal-relevant, and uncontrollable factors only seem goal relevant when employees are held accountable for them. Results from a decision-making experiment support the theory. In particular, paying participants based on uncontrollable factors improves their decision-making despite providing them with weaker economic incentives. This positive effect is more pronounced when the uncontrollable factors are more informative and when individuals are more goal-focused. These findings reveal a previously unexplored benefit of disregarding the controllability principle that can help explain why broad, uncontrollable metrics are so prevalent and successful in practice.     

Capturing Retailers’ Brand and Customer Focus

This article uses information from two data sources, Compustat and Nexis Uni, and textual analysis to measure and validate the brand focus and customer focus of 109 U.S. listed retailers. The results from an analysis of their 853 earnings calls in 2010 and 2018 outline that on average, both foci increased over time. Although both foci vary substantially, brand focus varies more widely across retailers than their customer focus. Both foci are independent of each other. Specialty retailers have the highest brand focus, and internet & direct marketing retailers have the highest customer focus. A positive correlation exists between a retailer’s customer focus and its profitability, but not between a retailer’s brand focus and its profitability. The authors use the results to generate a research agenda that can direct future research in further systematically exploring firms’ brand and customer focus.     

The effect of culture on consumption: A behavioral approach

This paper studies the connection between culture and consumption behavior. Linkages are drawn from manifestations of culture, involving both political style and personal preferences, to the key character traits of self-restraint and future focus. These character traits are then related to consumption behavior through a quasi-hyperbolic discounting model to generate hypotheses. Panel data for 89 countries and territories for the period 1999–2018 are used to test these hypotheses. With respect to political style, the results indicate that corruption, non-transparency in the public sector, and government intervention in banking reduce a country’s consumption. With respect to personal attributes, a long-term view is found to lower consumption and individualism to raise it. This study is motivated by a concern that for China in particular, stronger consumption will be needed to sustain long-term growth. Of particular relevance to the Chinese case, we find that countries with Confucian traditions have national consumption rates that are lower than global norms by more than 10 percentage points as a share of GDP. Even against this backdrop, however, we suggest there is scope to boost consumption with policies that fight corruption, promote transparency, reduce government intervention in the economy, and foster a stronger sense of the individual.     

National versus private brand: A regulatory focus perspective

Why do consumers choose a private versus national brand? A between-subjects factorial design was used to address this question in two product categories: shampoo and athletic shoes. Three determining factors were used—regulatory focus: promotion versus prevention; brand types: national versus private; and attribute framing: hedonic versus utilitarian—to predict consumer attitude towards the brand, its ad, and purchase intention. The results provide support for the interactions between regulatory focus and attribute framing for shampoo, and between regulatory focus and brand types for shoes. When exposed to shampoo ads, promotion focused consumers have a more positive attitude toward the ad and a higher purchase intention if the ad features utilitarian rather than hedonic attributes. Further, both promotion and prevention focused consumers prefer national brands of shoes to private labels. One possible explanation may lie in private versus public consumption of shampoo and shoes.     

Beauty in the eyes of its beholders: Effects of design novelty on consumer preference

In this research, we propose that promotion- (vs. prevention-) focused consumers should prefer a novel product design, an effect that we attribute to increased processing fluency. In addition, we propose that the effect of consumers’ regulatory focus should be moderated by product type, such that promotion- (prevention-) focused consumers should prefer more (less) novel designs only for utilitarian products; for hedonic products all consumers should prefer a novel design regardless of their regulatory foci. We obtain empirical evidence for these predictions across four experiments that use different operationalizations of regulatory focus and product type. We conclude by discussing the theoretical contributions and managerial implications of our research.     

Affect and Retail Shopping Behavior: Understanding the Role of Mood Regulation and Regulatory Focus

Two studies investigate the relationship between promotion and prevention focus, mood regulation, and retail marketplace evaluations and behaviors. Study 1, a laboratory experiment, finds that individuals high in promotion focus regulate their moods more than individuals low in promotion focus. Study 2, a field study, investigates the relationships between retail outcomes, regulatory focus, and the three core mood regulation constructs of mood monitoring, mood clarity, and mood repair. Results suggest that mood regulation is closely related to promotion and prevention focus, having both a direct influence on retail outcomes as well as mediating the influence of regulatory focus. Implications for theory and practice, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.     

Historical presence of home economics in IJCS

This paper explored the Journal for evidence of articles focused on home economics. A content analysis of 17 articles revealed three dominant themes: (a) changing definitions of home economics; (b) preferred core and focus of the profession; and (c) evolving conceptualizations and dimensions of home economics. Most of these articles appeared during the first 3 years of the Journal's existence (late 70s). The focus on home economics declined markedly during the 80s and 90s. When the Journal removed the words home economics from its title in 2001, these articles virtually disappeared. The study did validate the rigour of earlier thinking about home economics as profiled in the Journal, and made this repository of intellectual contributions more visible and accessible to the field.