Water accounting for the Orange River Basin: An economic perspective on managing a transboundary resource

The framework for water accounting is applied to an international river basin, the Orange River Basin, which is shared among Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and South Africa. Each of the riparian states faces water constraints and relies increasingly on shared international water resources. The countries have adopted the principle of an economic approach to water management, once basin human needs are met, and all but Lesotho have constructed national water accounts to assist in water management. The water accounts for the Orange River Basin bring an economic perspective to water management at the regional level. The accounts include supply and use tables, which are used to compare the contribution to water supply from each riparian state to the amount used. The water accounts are then linked to economic data for each country to calculate water use and productivity by industry and country. There are considerable disparities in water productivity among the countries, which should be taken into account in future decisions about water allocation, pricing and infrastructure development.     

中国人力资源管理的发展变革趋势

中国改革开放最大的成功在于人性的解放,中国经济社会持续快速健康发展的根本动力是人力资源开发管理所释放出来的巨大能量。本文从八个方面探讨了中国人力资源管理的发展变革趋势,以及这些变革对中国社会和企业发展带来的变化和影响。     

Hotel environmental management initiative (HEMI) scale development

Owing to a lack of construct reliability and validity of environmental management measurements, advancements in understanding hotels’ environmental management practices have been somewhat limited. The goal of this paper is to propose a uniform and parsimonious scale that captures Hotels’ Environmental Management Initiative (HEMI) with the most common three dimensions in the hotel industry: environmental resource conservation efforts, environmental policy and training, and environmental public relation efforts. After the refinement of the initial items, the scale was confirmed with cross-cultural data obtained from full-time hotel employees in two Asian countries. The twenty-one item HEMI scale demonstrated a satisfactory level of content, convergent, discriminant, cross, and criterion-related validity. The proposed HEMI scale will serve as a useful tool for future hospitality scholars who would like to further explore the impact of hotels’ environmental management initiatives on employees’ attitudes and behaviors toward the environment and their environmental performance.     

Outdoor recreation participation and views on resource development and preservation

Abstract

Views on the preservation of resources versus their development for recreation are compared among participants in three types of outdoor recreation: “appreciative”; activities (cross‐country skiing, hiking, and canoeing); “consumptive”; activities (fishing and hunting); and “mechanized”; activities (motorboating, snowmo‐biling, and trail biking). The results from a 1984 questionnaire survey conducted in Edmonton and Calgary, Canada, indicate a stronger preservationist orientation among participants in appreciative activities, whereas (with the exception of hunters) participants in consumptive and mechanized activities hold stronger pro‐development views. These differences cannot be attributed to simultaneous variations in socioeco‐nomic characteristics or environmental attitudes among the recreational groups. The findings suggest that differences in outdoor recreational activity preferences represent an important source of variation in views about appropriate levels of preservation versus development of Alberta's natural and wildernesss resources.     

Voluntary association membership of outdoor recreationists: An exploratory study

Abstract

Research on the political activity of outdoor recreationists has focused primarily on their associational affiliations and concern for the environment. This article reviews literature on theories of collective behavior, recreation motivations, and environmental concern. The study considers outdoor recreation as a social movement and investigates relationships between incentives for voluntary membership in environmental and outdoor recreation associations, motivations for participation in outdoor recreation activities, and environmental concern. Members of associations were found to be significantly different than nonmembers on several variables including value for outdoor recreation, incentives for association membership, intellectual motivations for outdoor recreation, environmental concern, education level, and age. Results suggest that association efforts to obtain instrumental benefits, or public goods that accrue to all of society, are a primary incentive for outdoor recreationists to join voluntary associations. A common thread of intellectual pursuit distinguished members from nonmembers, suggesting that intellectual benefits may help define the relationship between outdoor recreation and associational affiliation behaviors.     

线性文化遗产的特征及其对旅游利用模式的影响——基于《世界遗产名录》的统计分析

线性文化遗产是一种特殊的遗产类型,随着人们对遗产完整性不断深入的理解以及遗产活化利用理念的发展,线性文化遗产旅游的重要性日益显现。因此,树立线性文化遗产意识,把握线性文化遗产特征,是推进线性文化遗产旅游利用和可持续发展的重要问题。本文以《世界遗产名录》中收录的线性文化遗产为基础数据,对线性文化遗产的类别与列入标准、资源组合模式和核心区与缓冲区等典型特征进行深入分析,并从旅游空间演化和旅游活化路径两方面总结其对旅游利用模式的影响,以期为线性文化遗产旅游的可持续发展提供科学参考。研究结果表明,线性文化遗产旅游空间结构发展过程遵循“增长极”演化规律,并在遗产文化分层上表现出不同的利用方式和活化路径。     

广西医疗旅游资源的开发整合研究

医疗旅游是一个横跨旅游产业和卫生产业两大行业的新型行业。针对这一特征,文章从旅游资源和卫生资源两大方面分析广西医疗旅游资源的种类及其具体分布情况,并在此基础上对广西医疗旅游资源进行开发整合研究,提出了五大主题八条旅游线路保健休闲养生线路。     

论先秦帝王管理技法对现代企业人力资源管理的启示意义

先秦时代,我国上古帝王在管理国民的实践操作中体现出一些优秀思路,达到了良好的人力资源管理目的,大致有四个层面:德才兼重的人才甄选标准,量才为用的人员评估体制,恩威并施的团队凝聚手段,理至情切的说服技巧。其中的精髓成分,值得现代企业管理者深思和借鉴。     

融于过程,精于细节——人力资源管理与情绪管理的新结合

随着情绪管理成为人力资源管理的新内容,从人力资源管理过程中各环节为着眼点,重点对情绪管理在人力资源管理中的运用进行了初步的探讨;并且对组织内影响情绪的因素及情绪管理的方式进行了简要归纳。最后,讨论了将情绪管理融于人力资源管理过程中的必要性及意义,认为有效的情绪管理将成为企业发展的催化剂。     

人力资源能力建设与提升中国城市竞争力问题探讨

人力资源能力从根本上决定了一个城市的综合实力和竞争力.本文通过分析人力资源能力建设对提升中国城市竞争力的作用以及当前中国城市人力资源能力建设中存住的主要问题,探讨了加强城市人力资源能力建设提升城市竞争力的主要对策.