通过政府规制和市场机制来发展绿色经济

本文基于2012年联合国“里约+20”峰会中提出的“绿色经济”新概念,从理论上论述了传统“褐色经济”失灵的原因,指出未来中国发展绿色经济最有效的手段就是发挥好利用“政府”和“市场”这两只手的协同作用。其中政府规制的内容包括：加强资源环境保护法律规章的建设、科学有效的财政和货币政策、绿色GDP等环境指标体系的完善等,市场机制的内容包括：构建绿色市场经济制度、推行绿色消费新理念和企业绿色生产。     

政府对企业信息有效获取的方式和路径初探

政府和企业之间经常处于信息不对称状态,这造成了政府对于企业生产经营状况很难准确了解、正确研判,而这又是政府对经济形势误判、所制定的经济政策失效、所开展的经济预警工作失误的重要原因。以"圆内接多边形"和"圆外切多边形"等几何图形构建了政府和企业间在信息不对称的条件下,开展信息博弈的模型。同时,通过模型的动态分析,全面分析"监视型政府"、"监管型政府"和"服务型政府"获取企业信息的成本及效率,并提出在信息不对称的条件下,政府监测企业信息的有效路径。     

当前公共突发事件中的政府危机处理主要存在问题探析

突发事件是一种显性社会不稳定现象,主要包括自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件,具有突发性、公共性、针对性、复杂性和危害性等特点。当前,公共突发事件中的政府危机处理主要存在问题包括缺乏可行的预警机制、信息发布面临挑战、缺乏对公众进行必要和有效的教育与引导、应对公共突发事件的法律法规还不太健全。     

鄂豫陕渝毗邻地区金融中心的定位和创建模式分析

鄂豫陕渝毗邻地区处于中西部结合地带,承中启西,是我国经济战略东移西进的必经之道。如何发挥该区域经济中心城市功能,带动该区域经济的发展,是解决中西东部经济发展不均衡、完成中华复兴的关键所在。虽然本区域有南阳市、十堰市作为竞争对手,但襄阳市成为区域经济中心城市已无悬念。区域金融中心是区域经济中心的最高形态,把襄阳市发展成为区域金融中心,发挥其规模效应和聚集效应,可更有效发挥其区域经济中心的龙头作用。鄂豫陕渝毗邻地区金融中心的定位是：次区域、专业型;应该采取政府推进模式。     

从“二元体系论”看我国政府经济职能转变

加尔布雷斯的“二元体系论”在分析了公司权利结构变化的基础上,提出了经济系统是由计划体系和市场体系构成的二元体系。针对我国政府经济职能转变过程中面临的瓶颈,我们可以基于“二元体系论”的视角探索出合理的选择路径,从而更好地为社会主义市场经济服务。     

Does bribery in the home country promote or dampen firm exports?

This study examines the impact of bribery within the home country on firm exports by developing two contrasting hypotheses. On the one hand, preferential treatment resulting from government officials in exchange for bribes may promote exports by enhancing efficiency and enabling bribing firms to better compete in foreign markets. On the other hand, preferential treatment resulting from bribes may decrease exports by providing firms with more established positions within the domestic market diminishing the incentive to explore foreign markets. Adopting the three‐stage least squares method, we test these competing arguments using a sample of firms operating within transition economies. We find that bribery within the home country decreases rather than increases firm exports. The implications of our findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A research and defects analysis of the disaster relief system of China

Disasters, whether natural or human-induced, bring great pressure to governments. Disaster relief work can reflect the features of a government and test its ability in this respect. This article analyzes the basic political structure on which the establishment of China’s disaster relief system is based and introduces some reform initiatives in disaster reduction that enhance the quick emergency response ability of governments. However, in view of the government feature of unitary responsiveness (U-form), it is doubtful whether such a government can pool resources to finish a ‘central task’ without ignoring many noncentral tasks. As a low-probability event, disaster relief is unlikely to become the central task of a government and thus tends to be ignored. Such neglect is strengthened by corruption, venality, and other unscrupulous behaviors resulting from the nexus between the government and businessmen and, radically, from the government’s U-form character. This U-form feature strengthens China’s ‘strong government-weak society’ structure, which becomes the leading cause of tense social contradictions and frequent violent conflicts. Therefore, the control of environmental hazards, epidemic transmission, food safety problems, mass disturbances, and other human-induced disasters depends fundamentally on the transition of the Chinese government from the unitary responsiveness to the multiple responsiveness.     

The Marketisation of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in Australia: A Structured Response

The marketisation of early childhood education and care (ECEC) offers opportunities to test assumptions about the benefits of a market framework. In Australia, where marketisation included reshaping, extending, and increasing government subsidies, one major listed company (ABC Learning Limited) emerged to dominate child care. Child care prices increased rapidly to become an election issue, and government subsidies increased. ABC acknowledged its economic dependence on government policy and subsidies. Until its collapse in 2008, ABC was the world's largest listed child care operator, and operating internationally. ABC's structured business model separated child care properties (propco) from child care operations (opco). ABC was the opco and leased the child care properties from propcos. As ABC grew and replicated its structured model to other forms of property including intangible assets, the rising child care prices and government subsidies supported a growing array of other enterprises all seeking profitable operations. This paper explains the structured opco‐propco model, identifies its interaction with accounting and lessons to be learned from marketisation.     

Fiscal Sustainability in a New Keynesian Model

Recent work on optimal monetary and fiscal policy in New Keynesian models suggests that it is optimal to allow steady‐state debt to follow a random walk. In this paper we consider the nature of the time inconsistency involved in such a policy and its implication for discretionary policymaking. We show that governments are tempted, given inflationary expectations, to utilize their monetary and fiscal instruments in the initial period to change the ultimate debt burden they need to service. We demonstrate that this temptation is only eliminated if following shocks, the new steady‐state debt is equal to the original (efficient) debt level even though there is no explicit debt target in the government's objective function. Analytically and in a series of numerical simulations we show which instrument is used to stabilize the debt depends crucially on the degree of nominal inertia and the size of the debt stock. We also show that the welfare consequences of introducing debt are negligible for precommitment policies, but can be significant for discretionary policy. Finally, we assess the credibility of commitment policy by considering a quasi‐commitment policy, which allows for different probabilities of reneging on past promises.     

The Real Effects of Financial Sector Interventions during Crises

We assess the importance of supply‐side credit market frictions by studying the impact of bank recapitalization on firm growth in 50 countries during the recent crisis. Our identification strategy exploits the crisis as a shock to credit supply and combines an exogenous measure of firms’ dependence on external financing with policy interventions aimed at restoring bank capital. We find that the growth of financially dependent firms is disproportionately positively affected by bank recapitalization. This effect is quantitatively important and robust to controlling for other policies. These results provide new evidence of the influence of credit market frictions on economic activity.