Local interests or centralized targets? How China’s local government implements the farmland policy of Requisition–Compensation Balance

The Requisition–Compensation Balance of Farmland (RCBF) is a strict policy in China aimed at controlling farmland conversion and replenishing farmland loss caused by urban expansion through a set of top-down quotas. These conflict with local interests, since land conversion from agriculture to construction is a key tool by which local governments attract investment and raise fiscal revenue. How should local authorities respond to this centralized policy? This paper presents a framework “quantity–quality–productivity–environment” to investigate local governments’ coping strategy and the holistic performance of the RCBF. The empirical study indicated that local jurisdictions placed economic and financial growth first and continued expropriating farmland on a large-scale, including land of high quality, for development. However, impelled by compulsory quotas and supervision from governments at higher levels, local authorities would partly replenish the quantity loss through farmland exploitation, regardless of the quality of the new cropland and the possible environmental impact. Consequently, fast requisition and unqualified compensation undermined the capacity of regional agricultural output. We suggest that the RCBF is not capable of guaranteeing food security, whilst farmland supplementation threatens the local environment.     

Rural Population Growth, 1950–1990: The Roles of Human Capital, Industry Structure, and Government Policy

Human capital raises rural incomes, but this effect is swamped by higher returns to human capital in urban markets. This leads to "brain drain" from rural areas. Populations grow more rapidly in rural counties that have a diversified employment base. Farm population grows faster (or declines more slowly) in counties with relatively high farm income, and nonfarm populations grow faster in counties with relatively high nonfarm income. However, higher farm incomes lead to slower nonfarm population growth and vice versa. Rural county government services financed by local taxes or debt have neutral or negative effects on population growth.     

大力发展矿业城市生态文明

矿业城市大力发展生态文明,是贯彻党的十八大“大力发展生态文明”重大战略决策的重要内容。在矿业城市发展生态文明,有利于推进矿产资源集约与综合利用、保障生态环境安全和促进矿业城市转型。面对持续扩大的矿产资源需求和日益深化的枯竭型城市转型问题,矿业城市生态文明建设任务艰巨。矿业城市生态文明建设要以矿产资源集约与综合利用和生态环境保护为抓手,从优化国土开发空间,集约与综合利用矿产资源、土地资源、水资源和生态资源;实施综合性、全面性、系统性生态环境管理,深化大气污染和重金属、持久性化学物污染协同防治机制;促进经济转型,大力发展循环经济等方面促进生态文明大发展。     

西藏青藏铁路沿线地热资源开发利用方向思考

十八大报告提出大力推进生态文明建设,而地热资源作为节能环保的新型能源,其合理开发利用具有重要的现实意义和客观前景。西藏自治区青藏铁路沿线在地热资源开发利用中存在的问题：开发利用程度低、利用少;利用不合理;综合利用水平低、资源浪费严重;地热资源利用不充分;开发程度不足等。建议：加强发电尾水对热田的回灌;加强利用地热资源供暖;进行地热流体中有用元素可利用性研究;加强地热理论与应用技术研究等。     

Korea's leadership in 5G and beyond: Footprints and futures

The Korean government has played a crucial role in the development of advanced mobile networks, including 5G. Korea became the first country in the world to not only launch a nationwide 5G network but also to commercialize 5G services. In addition to looking at the steps toward 5G-related developments in Korea, this study used Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling analysis to examine how 5G-related discourse was formed in the media after its commercialization. As a result of analyzing news articles in the Korean press with 5G as the main keyword, a total of five topics were derived. Intriguingly, most topics contained several new articles related to government policies. Considering the characteristics of the mobile network industry—e.g. as an industry that receives licenses from the government—this result suggests that 5G-related issues are closely related to government policies. Our topic modeling results confirm that the interventionist promotion policy of the Korean government which acted as a catalyst for technology and business innovation played an important role in Korea's 5G leadership.     

基于委托代理的政府投资建设项目评标模型设计

针对委托代理的政府投资建设项目的问题,在信息不对称的情况下,就如何选择代理工程咨询企业的问题进行了分析,运用德尔菲法、层次分析法和模糊数学综合评价方法建立了便于操作的评标模型,通过对模型极值的分析与求解,为委托人（政府）确定代理工程咨询企业提供决策参考。     

中国式财政分权影响资本配置效率研究

高度集中的政治管理体制下的财政分权使得中国财政分权对地方政府行为所产生的激励与西方国家不同。使用2002～2009年数据,对中国财政分权与资本配置效率进行理论研究与实证分析,结果表明:财政分权程度的提高对资本配置效率产生了阻碍作用,中国式分权所引致的地方政府规模扩张等行为扭曲是导致财政分权与资本配置效率负相关的主要原因。为此,应改革政绩考核指标、完善税收体系、调整财权分配制度。     

基于社会责任的国有企业改革研究

国有企业社会责任变迁经历了三个时期,其社会责任从责任性质看包括社会义务与社会期望两个方面。对国有企业社会责任问题的关注在很大程度上影响了当前国有企业改革的目标和改革方式的选择,也对国有企业改革的思路产生了深远影响。基于企业社会责任,国有企业管理者必须建立完善的国有企业社会责任体系,并加强国有企业社会责任监督机制建设;在治理模式上,国有企业应该进行公民化治理模式改革。     

GPA框架下的美国政府采购争议解决机制研究

政府采购争议解决机制是保障政府采购制度的透明度和公正性的重要程序设置。文章从WTO《政府采购协议》（GPA）有关争议解决程序的规定出发,详细解读了美国政府采购活动中给予利益相关方的各种救济权利,包括向采购机构提出异议、向政府责任办公室提出申诉、向联邦索赔法院提起诉讼等,对我国修订《政府采购法》相关规定具有借鉴价值。     

PUBLIC CHOICE THEORY AND HOUSE OF LORDS REFORM

By revealing the propensity of elected governments to indulge in self‐interest at the expense of the people's liberty, public choice theory provides powerful arguments in favour of an appointed House of Lords rather than an elected upper chamber.