中国财政分权问题研究:一个文献综述

伴随着中国改革开放后经济的持续快速增长,越来越多的国内外学者围绕中国的财政分权问题展开研究。财政分权问题涉及到诸多因素,对其研究必须采用多层次的视角。既有的研究成果多囿于财政分权的某个局部层面,尚未见一个能够解释、分析中国财政分权问题的完整理论框架出现。     

大力推进新形势下的需求侧管理工作

在当前电力供需日趋紧张的形势下,电力企业为了保证电网的安全稳定运行,实现其向社会可靠供电的承诺,必须在政府的政策支持和引导下加快电源和电网建设的同时充分挖掘需求侧潜力,大力推进需求侧管理在中国的实践.笔者根据多年工作经验总结出在开展需求侧管理工作的过程中应注意的几个问题.     

基于风险的银行绩效评价方法

随着全球经济一体化程度的加深,银行之间的竞争日趋激烈.如何做好银行的绩效评价工作直接关系到银行未来的发展.传统的银行绩效评价工作多数侧重于静态的财务指标分析,这种分析方法最大的缺点在于无法对银行面对的瞬息万变的金融市场的风险情况及银行未来发展能力进行有效的预测及评价.RAROC绩效评价法是对传统银行绩效评价方法的改进.这种方法将风险带来的未来可预计损失量化为当期成本,直接对当期盈利进行调整,衡量经风险调整后的收益大小,并考虑为可能的最大风险做出资本储备.该方法将银行的收益与银行所承担的风险相结合考核银行的经营效绩,缩小了管理者与出资人之间的目标差距,对改进我国商业银行的绩效评价方法具有积极意义.     

美国高校会计的特征及其启示

传统上美国高校会计制度采用"双轨制"方法,私立大学遵从财务会计准则委员会的准则,公立大学采用政府会计准则委员会的准则,二者一般都采用"基金"会计核算方法.近年来,财务会计准则委员会和政府会计准则委员会制定的有关高校会计信息披露法规出现了融合的趋势,两类高校会计信息披露的内容开始向企业会计靠拢.我国高校会计改革应吸收美国已有的成果,应尽量缩小与企业会计的差别.     

Revenue Sharing versus Expenditure Sharing in a Federal System

Problems of intergovernmental policy coordination can take many forms and are becoming increasingly important with continuing economic integration. In this paper we focus on the fiscal competition problem where the non-cooperative choice of taxes and transfers among governments typically leads to a suboptimal outcome. We look at the effect of two widely used corrective policies: revenue sharing and expenditure sharing (or intergovernmental matching grants). Our main result is that these two corrective policies have opposite effects depending on the form of competition between governments, namely whether governments compete in taxes or expenditures. More precisely, for any form of competition, revenue sharing is desirable exactly when expenditure sharing is not and vice versa. The implication is that the choice of the optimal corrective policy requires a complete understanding of the underlying non-cooperative behavior among governments. Our second main result is that neither revenue sharing or expenditure sharing can be sustained as a Nash equilibrium among governments, although all governments would benefit from one of these two corrective policies. Central intervention is therefore inevitable unless governments can pre-commit to the optimal corrective policy before setting their fiscal policies.     

以"代建制"为契机加快工程项目管理公司的发展

建设部《关于培育发展工程总承包和工程项目管理企业的指导意见》的发布，以及全国大部分地区政府投资工程代建制的实行，为我国工程项目管理公司的发展创造了机遇。面对竞争日益激烈的国内外市场，如何抓住有利形势，加快我国工程项目管理公司的培育和发展，使之能与国外的工程项目管理公司相抗衡，已经成为一个非常紧迫的问题。     

Setting consolidated reporting standards for local government

Under a corporatization trend, traditional financial reporting is generally considered unable to offer a complete view of the economic and financial activities of a group of public entities. Consequently, several reforms and standards have been introduced related to consolidated financial reports. Through interviews with key actors, the authors analysed the normativity process for issuing consolidated reporting standards for local governments in three European countries: Italy, Spain, and Sweden.     

Complementary currencies: what role should they be playing in local and regional government?

The current climate of fiscal austerity has seen a resurgence in ‘complementary currencies’ as local and regional governments look for ways to use under-utilized assets, maintain employment and avoid local economic decline. The authors explore how local and regional governments can facilitate complementary currencies to reduce the impact of external economic shocks and enable their economies to continue to function in the face of austerity. They recommend that localities consider participating in existing complementary currency ‘circles’.     

政府职能转型与媒介效应述评——以电子政务为例

在由计划经济向市场经济转型过程中,我国政府职能正加速向“服务型”政府转变。适应媒介融合发展的趋势,电子政务在各级政府部门方兴未艾。媒介产业日益融合的今天,电子政务立足于互联网平台,涵盖了微信、微博、各类手机APP等多种媒体形式。完善的电子政务服务有利于提升公众对政府的信任和公共服务的满意度。当前电子政务媒介效应经验评价方法主要有层次分析法（AHP）、结构方程法（SEM）、因子分析和DEA方法,但这些方法在指标体系选择和测评方法的适应性方面还存在不足,努力构建普遍适应的、数据可获取性强的电子政务媒介评价方法体系是今后该领域研究的方向。     

Government Engagement,Environmental Policy,and Environmental Performance: Evidence from the Most Polluting Chinese Listed Firms

This study empirically examines the implementation of environmental policies and how government engagement impacts on a firm's environmental performance based on a sample of Chinese listed firms in the eight most polluting industries over a 10‐year period. The findings of the study demonstrate that government engagement, measured as ownership structure, is positively correlated with environmental performance, measured by environmental capital expenditure, for state‐owned firms, but no significant relation is found for non‐state‐owned firms. In addition, non‐state‐owned firms are more likely to perform better in terms of environmental investment after the 2006 enactment of a new policy explicitly linking environmental issues with political incentives to regional governments. This study also reports that corporate environmental performance impairs firm value for state‐owned firms but has no impact on firm value for non‐state‐owned firms, suggesting that investors negatively respond to environmental investments made by state‐owned firms as a result of government engagement/political pressure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.