基于更新理论的产品保修策略模型

产品价格的确定不仅取决于生产成本 ,还应包涵服务成本。非价格竞争下 ,产品保修是售后服务的主要内容。本文运用更新报酬理论 ,建立了产品保修策略模型。模型表明 :在消费转型时代 ,只有引入产品的差异性、降低生产成本、提高产品质量、延长产品寿命、制订合适的保修策略 ,才能保障合理的厂商利润 ,有效刺激需求。     

关于定金担保的几个问题

定金作为合同担保的一种方式,经常被加以运用,但由于现行法律这方面的规定较为简单,在实践中易产生理解上的分歧而导致诉讼。文章认为,关于定金担保的标的物,除金钱以外可以扩大至价值具有可度量性的有体物;关于定金合同的成立必须以主合同的成立为前提,主合同不成立,定金合同亦不能成立;关于违约金或定金罚则的选择,应根据合同的约定、违约形态、违约发生阶段或者当事人损失的大小等来加以选择;关于定金罚则的适用,则必须以定金合同的有效为前提,而定金合同的无效,又存在全部无效和部分无效等情形。     

Awareness of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks' Dangers: Role of Internet Pricing Mechanisms

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks consist of overwhelming a server, a network or a Web site in order to paralyze its normal activity. The additional parameter in Distributed Denial of Service (DdoS) attacks is the distributing strategy. It means that DDoS attacks do not come from a single computer but stem from all accessible channels and servers. Consequences are multiple, ranging from system errors, temporary inability to access the Web site for normal users to challenging the actual reliability of the Internet. Despite this, Internet users show carelessness. The explanation lies in the specificities of DDoS attacks. We explore possibilities to raise users' awareness about the actual amplitude of problems caused by DDoS attacks. We suggest a careful examination of Internet pricing mechanisms and switching from flat to usage-constraining pricing schemes.     

Study on formation mechanisms of Gannan navel orange characteristic industrial clusters on organizational ecology

The planter history of Gannan navel orange might trace to 1970s, up to now underwent in more than 30 years. Approximately, the development historical division on the Gannan navel orange is 4 stages. The natural environment factor, the customer factor, and the political factor have played crucial roles in the formation and development of GNOCIC. Among them, the rich natural resource and the superior geographical environment are the material base. And government＇s support is the main propelling force. The customers＇ expense is the final decision strength by chance which it develops, expands.     

施工项目的成本控制--信誉付款

施工企业的资金大都匮乏，由此对施工项目的管理带来了一定的困堆，同时也带来了一定的风险，如何进行施工项目的成本管理，如何降低施工项目管理的风险一直是施工企业管理者关注的问题。     

企业控制机制:控制权争夺的边界和效应

公司兼并和收购市场中企业控制权机机制、控制权争夺的价值、控制权争夺的福利效应、大股东在公司控制权争夺中对公司政策产生影响。外部性排除了负有义务的股东完全取得接管收益的可能性,无论控制权争夺的结果如何,股东财富在控制权争夺其间是增加的。从股东的福利效应方面来说,控制权争夺的失败也就是股东财富的损失。大股东提高了预期利润,并且他们所占股份越多,则提高越大。董事会的失误导致了敌意接管的出现,可由公司控制的外部市场对董事会的疏忽作用进行弥补。     

建立现代信用担保体系改善中小企业融资环境

中小企业是国民经济的重要组成部分。融资难问题极大地制约着中小企业的发展。发达国家为有效解决这一难题．采取多种适合中小企业融资特点的融资方式。其中．建立中小企业信用担保体系是世界各国扶持中小企业发展的通行作法．对我国解决中小企业融资难问题，有较大的借鉴作用。     

Do small businesses adjust their capital structure? Evidence from the global financial crisis in Japan

We investigate the extent to which small businesses adjust their capital structures to target levels when their leverage increases substantially during a financial crisis. We examine Japan's Emergency Credit Guarantee (ECG) program during the 2008 global financial crisis. The increased leverage from the use of the ECG program during the crisis increased the probability of default. Additionally, small businesses adjusted their leverage ratios to the target range before the crisis. However, such adjustments were weak during and after the crisis, particularly for target firms in the ECG program.     

我国社会保障制度的公平与效率选择

社会保障制度是社会经济稳步、持续、高效发展 ,人民生活安定、安全、稳步提高 ,社会政治及其他事业改革能够顺利实施 ,取得成效的基础和保证。任何一个社会要想实现以上目标 ,就必须抓紧、抓好社会保障制度的建立、健全和不断完善。而在社会保障制度的建立过程中 ,必须处理好的关键问题是公平与效率的关系。在社会保障制度的不同层面 ,合理选择公平与效率的侧重点 ,以保证在经济健康发展的条件下 ,人民生活稳定、安全、持续提高     

民营企业、产业集群与中小企业信用担保体系

中小企业融资困难是一个世界性的难题,我国民营中小企业融资困难更是普遍现象。虽然近年来中小企业信用担保体系有所发展,但仍有很多不足;另一方面,我国许多地区的民营企业迅速发展,已经具有集群化的趋势。通过对中小企业信用担保体系和民营产业集群发展状况的研究,指出应该强化产业集群中小企业信用担保体系建设。