Distinguishing between Equilibrium and Integration in Spatial Price Analysis

This article introduces a new spatial price analysis methodology based on maximum likelihood estimation of a mixture distribution model incorporating price, transfer cost, and trade flow data. This method permits differentiation between market integration and competitive market equilibrium and derivation of intuitive measures of intermarket tradability, competitive market equilibrium, perfect integration, segmented equilibrium, and segmented disequilibrium. One can also use these estimates to derive semiparametric measures of time-varying regime probabilities to track changing market conditions. An application to trade in soybean meal among Pacific Rim economies demonstrates the usefulness of the method.     

Rent-seeking in a unionised monopoly

A unionised monopoly firm, benefitting from some kind of anti-competitive regulation, and its corresponding trade union have a common interest in spending resources to protect the monopoly rents created by the regulation. In the present paper, a situation in which the unionised monopoly is challenged by a consumer organisation fighting for deregulation is analysed as a standard Tullock rent-seeking contest. With unequal sharing of monopoly rents, the free-riding incentives among the rent-defending players turn out to be overwhelming, in the sense that the unique Nash equilibrium is characterised by zero effort contribution by the player with the lower valuation of the contested prize. This implies that being “strong”, in terms of bargaining strength, is not necessarily an advantage for neither player in a unionised monopoly that is threatened by deregulation. Received: June 2000 / accepted: January 2001     

论美国多轨制对外贸易政策的形成与经济效应

20世纪70年代初,经济实力相对衰弱迫使美国对外贸易政策更加务实,构成了美国实行多轨制对外贸易政策的主要原因。实行多轨制对外贸易政策以来,美国经济结构进一步软化和其他国家的贸易摩擦进一步增加。多轨制对外贸易政策的实质是全面的贸易保护,其目的在于保护本国弱势部门,发展本国强势部门,是一种以绝对优势作为制定对外贸易政策基础的贸易管理方式。     

Fiscal policy independence in a European Monetary Union

Do plans for a monetary union in Europe call for limits on the freedom of the country members of the union to use fiscal policy? In order to provide a tentative answer, we simulate the IMF model MULTIMOD, given various shocks, in the case of a European Monetary Union consisting only of France and Germany. The results clearly indicate the possible value of allowing unfettered use of fiscal policy in both countries. The reasons lie partly in differences in the initial position of the two, partly in differences in their preferences. We also examine the change in the policy significance of the current account in the monetary union. Current account imbalances clearly cease to have the same significance in a monetary union; but they do not therefore become irrelevant.     

论森林生态与经济的协调发展

生态经济协调发展是林业或经济社会可持续发展的核心问题。本文从理论上阐述了这种发展的可能性 ,从我国林业发展的现实说明了其现实性 ,并对当前如何落实这一发展 ,提出了加强森林经营的基本要求。     

我国出口企业应对技术性贸易壁垒问题研究

近年来，技术性贸易壁垒对我国的出口贸易影响很大，导致出口市场受限，出口量减少，出口产品成本增加。本文分类分析了技术性贸易壁垒对我国外贸出口企业造成的影响，探究其产生的具体原因，并提出了一些应对措施。     

品牌战略在我国物流企业管理中的应用

当今我国物流企业正处在快速发展阶段,在发展中存在很多问题，物流企业规模小，营销意识薄弱。要想在激烈的市场中取得长足的发展，只有科学地、合理地、有效地制定和实施品牌战略，才能使物流企业在国际竞争中占有有利地位，快速进入可持续发展的道路。     

金融交易的哲学思考

论述了金融交易中应该注意的若干问题。认为风险控制和交易技术对成功的交易缺一不可。没有风险控制的交易,会在市场的正常波动中被颠覆。不讲求技术的交易,就无法实现可持续的发展。有效的交易管理在交易实践中同样不容忽视,它可以确保交易在预定的正常轨道上运行。没有有效的管理,再好的理念和技术都是空谈。     

建设和谐社会对政府的要求是依法行政

构建和谐社会是社会主义的内在要求，是提高党的执政能力的重要体现。构建社会主义和谐社会，必须正确把握其科学内涵和基本要求。在政府治理领域，和谐社会的基本特征对政府的要求就是依法行政。