英语科技语篇中模糊限制语的语用功能分析

模糊限制语作为模糊语言的一个重要组成部分,在交流中起着重要的作用。科技英语作为一种特殊语体要求用词准确、行文严谨,但仍有大量的模糊限制语存在于英语科技语篇中,体现出了不同的语用功能。因此,列举实例阐述了模糊限制语在科技语体中的几个语用功能,以期进一步深化对模糊限制语的功能研究。     

Estimating the optimal hedge ratio in the presence of potential unknown structural breaks

We propose a new approach in the estimation of the optimal hedge ratio that allows the hedge ratio to vary over time but without the necessity of frequently rebalancing the portfolio. We apply this in the context of the US and UK equity markets using weekly spot share prices and future share prices during the period 5 January 1999 to 29 September 2009. Our method is to test for cointegration in the presence of two potentially unknown structural breaks by determining the timing of each via the underlying data. The empirical findings reveal that the spot and future prices are strongly cointegrated in each market. The estimated parameters disclose that the optimal hedge ratio is not constant in case of the US and the UK. We find one negative and one positive shift in the optimal hedge ratio in the US. However, we find only one significant and positive shift in the optimal hedge ratio in the UK. The implication of these findings from the perspective of both investors as well as policy-makers is elaborated on in the main text.     

跨国融资风险的期货套期保值策略分析

首先分析了期货套期保值的概念，然后假设现货资产价格和相应的期货合约中的标的资产价格均服从维纳过程，建立最小风险期货套期保值策略模型，解出最小风险期货套期保值的套期比率及其有效性指标，最后在分析套期比率及其有效性指标性质后，列举了最小风险期货套期保值策略在跨国融资风险控制中的应用。     

Convertible Bond Arbitrage: Risk and Return

Abstract:  This paper specifies a simulated convertible bond arbitrage portfolio to characterise the risks in convertible bond arbitrage. For comparison the risk profile of convertible bond arbitrage hedge fund indices at both monthly and daily frequencies is also examined. Results indicate that convertible bond arbitrage is positively related to default and term structure risk factors. These risk factors are augmented with the simulated convertible bond arbitrage portfolio, mimicking a passive investment in convertible bond arbitrage, to assess the risk and return of individual hedge funds. We provide estimates of the performance of two hedge fund indices (an equally weighted and value weighted index) and a sample of convertible bond arbitrage hedge funds using a factor model methodology. Lagged and contemporaneous observations of the risk factors are specified, controlling for illiquidity in the securities held by funds. Our results cover two time periods. Initially we find evidence of abnormal risk adjusted returns in the individual hedge fund data and the equally weighted hedge fund index and no evidence of abnormal risk adjusted returns in the value weighted hedge fund index. When we examine performance during the credit crisis of 2007 and 2008 we find evidence of negative abnormal returns amongst individual hedge funds and the hedge fund indices.     

Are REITs inflation hedges?

This study investigates the relationship between returns on Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and anticipated inflation. It was motivated by the contradictory findings in the literature concerning the inflation-hedging characteristics of financial and real assets. We employ the methodology developed by Fama and Schwert, which represents a generalization of the Fisher equation. Two different measures of anticipated inflation were used to estimate the regression equations. The results show that REITs generally tend to behave like equities with respect to their hedging characteristics, regardless of how inflation expectations are measured. When we used a survey measure of anticipated inflation, however, we found some evidence that REITs are partial hedges against anticipated inflation.     

休闲餐饮业的现状分析及营销对策

我国期货市场在试点过程中 ,暴露出一些问题 ,但不能由此推断期货市场不适应中国。当前 ,我国期货市场发展的必备条件已基本成熟。我们要积极培育期货市场主体 ,发展期权交易 ,加强期货交易的法规建设和期货市场的有效化、规范化管理     

Stock‐bond return co‐movement and accounting information

I examine how an important attribute of financial reporting quality, i.e., accounting conservatism, affects the sensitivity of corporate bond returns to changes in the value of equity (i.e., the hedge ratio). The correlation between stock and bond returns (co‐movement) is a fundamental input for asset allocation decisions as it determines the diversification benefits of bonds relative to equities within an investment portfolio. According to structural models of credit risk, co‐movement should be generally positive, but lower when the risk of wealth transfers from bondholders to shareholders is severe. I find that firms that report conservative earnings and use covenants in their bond contracts exhibit on average stronger co‐movement. This result is consistent with conservatism providing bondholders with a credible and contractible signal that improves monitoring, thus preventing wealth transfers.     

人民币汇率与中国的货币控制

本文以近期掀起的又一轮呼吁人民币升值的讨论为背景,再次对人民币汇率以及中国货币控制进行分析。通过分析因人民币升值而引起的中国所面临的货币困境,以及解决困境所采取的措施(即建立CIC和对流动性的对冲操作),评论了措施的局限性,并从汇率的利率平价理论入手分析人民币汇率与中国货币控制的互动关系;借鉴日本经验分析并佐证了关于汇率的几个错误概念,提出近期应去除人民币单向升值的预期,只有保持汇率相对稳定才有利于中国经济发展。