对冲基金收益特征的影响因素分析

对冲基金具有优化的高收益-低风险结构,这主要来自两个方面：一是良好的内在机制设计;二是外部市场环境的促进。二者相互结合,使对冲基金的有效投资边界向外得到极大扩展。实证研究表明,对冲基金收益率的外部提供者主要是全球资本市场和外汇市场,且与股票市场收益率（S＆P500、DAX）、汇率水平（欧元、日元）具有较强的正相关性,与债券收益率（MSC I）的相关性为负。     

科技领域中模糊限制语的语用研究

模糊性是人类语言的基本属性。模糊限制语作为模糊语言领域中最普遍、最典型的现象,被广泛应用于人类语言的各个层面。以模糊限制语为切入点,分析了其在言语交际中的语用功能,最后对模糊限制语在科技领域中所表现出来的特定的语用功能进行了分析。     

Hedging with Two Futures Contracts: Simplicity Pays

We propose to use two futures contracts in hedging an agricultural commodity commitment to solve either the standard delta hedge or the roll‐over issue. Most current literature on dual‐hedge strategies is based on a structured model to reduce roll‐over risk and is somehow difficult to apply for agricultural futures contracts. Instead, we propose to apply a regression based model and a naive rules of thumb for dual‐hedges which are applicable for agricultural commodities. The naive dual strategy stems from the fact that in a large sample of agricultural commodities, De Ville, Dhaene and Sercu (2008) find that GARCH‐based hedges do not perform as well as OLS‐based ones and that we can avoid estimation error with such a simple rule. Our semi‐naive hedge ratios are driven from two conditions: omitting exposure to spot price and minimising the variance of the unexpected basis effects on the portfolio values. We find that, generally, (i) rebalancing helps; (ii) the two‐contract hedging rules do better than the one‐contract counterparts, even for standard delta hedges without rolling‐over; (iii) simplicity pays: the naive rules are the best one–for corn and wheat within the two‐contract group, the semi‐naive rule systematically beats the others and GARCH performs worse than OLS for either one‐contract or two‐contract hedges and for soybeans the traditional naive rule performs nearly as well as OLS. These conclusions are based on the tests on unconditional variance ( Diebold and Mariano, 1995 ) and those on conditional risk ( Giacomini and White, 2006 ).     

股指期货所得课税规则的构建

股指期货交易是以股票价格指数为基础资产的标准化期货合约。交易中双方当事人取得的收益和支付的费用将改变交易双方当事人的消费能力和投资水平,从而产生相应的税收后果,应当认定为应税所得。股指期货交易应当是以风险管理权为标的的买卖合约,其收益应当认定为财产转让所得。但由于当前财产转让所得的概念尚不能涵盖风险管理权这一新型财产性权利的转让收益,应有必要构建新的课税规则以确定不同交易目的的股指期货交易的纳税义务及其课税时点等问题。     

Interest rate risk in long-dated commodity options positions: To hedge or not to hedge?

We empirically assess hedging interest rate risk beyond the conventional delta, gamma, and vega hedges in long-dated crude oil options positions. Using factor hedging in a model featuring stochastic interest rates and stochastic volatility, interest rate hedges consistently provide an improvement beyond delta, gamma, and vega hedges. Under high interest rate volatility and/or when a rolling hedge is used, combining interest rate and delta hedging improves performance by up to four percentage points over the common hedges of gamma and/or vega. Thus, contrary to common practice, hedging interest rate risk should have priority over these “second-order” hedges.     

Flexible covariance dynamics,high-frequency data,and optimal futures hedging

This paper investigates the out-of-sample performance of hedged portfolios constructed using a novel rotated ARCH (RARCH) model class, which enables flexible covariance dynamics for spot and futures returns. The model's empirical fit can be significantly improved when it incorporates rotated realized covariance matrix measures. The empirical results suggest that a highly risk-averse hedger implementing the restricted RARCH model would be willing to pay substantial switching fees to capture the incremental gains generated by the flexible and informative alternative; this thus supports the economic importance of incorporating high-frequency data into flexible RARCH modeling processes for the construction of optimal hedged portfolios.     

Cumulant instrument estimators for hedge fund return models with errors in variables

We revisit the factors incorporated in asset pricing models following the recent developments in financial markets – i.e., the rise of shadow banking and the change in the transmission channel of monetary policy. We propose two versions of the Fung and Hsieh (2004) hedge fund return model, especially an augmented market model which accounts for the new dynamics of financial markets and the procyclicality of hedge fund returns. We run these models with an innovative Hausman procedure, tackling the measurement errors embedded in the models factor loadings. Our empirical method also allows for confronting the drawbacks of the instruments used to estimate hedge fund asset pricing models.     

Performance analysis of a collateralized fund obligation (CFO) equity tranche

This article examines the performance of the junior tranche of a collateralized fund obligation (CFO), i.e. the residual claim (equity) on a securitized portfolio of hedge funds. We use a polynomial goal programming model to create optimal portfolios of hedge funds, conditional to investor preferences and diversification constraints (maximum allocation per strategy). For each portfolio, we build CFO structures that have different levels of leverage, and analyze both the stand-alone performance as well as potential diversification benefits (low systematic risk exposures) of investing in the equity tranche of these structures. We find that the unconstrained mean-variance portfolio yields a high performance, but greater exposure to systematic risk. We observe the exact opposite picture in the case of unconstrained optimization, where a skewness bias is added, thus proving the existence of a trade-off between stand-alone performance and low exposure to systematic risk factors. We provide evidence that leveraged exposure to these hedge fund portfolios through the structuring of CFOs creates value for the equity tranche investor, even during the recent financial crisis.