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41.
    
We apply a quadratic hedging scheme developed by Föllmer, Schweizer, and Sondermann to European contingent products whose underlying asset is modeled using a GARCH process and show that local risk-minimizing strategies with respect to the physical measure do exist, even though an associated minimal martingale measure is only available in the presence of bounded innovations. More importantly, since those local risk-minimizing strategies are in general convoluted and difficult to evaluate, we introduce Girsanov-like risk-neutral measures for the log-prices that yield more tractable and useful results. Regarding this subject, we focus on GARCH time series models with Gaussian innovations and we provide specific sufficient conditions concerning the finiteness of the kurtosis, under which those martingale measures are appropriate in the context of quadratic hedging. When this equivalent martingale measure is adapted to the price representation we are able to recover the classical pricing formulas of Duan and Heston and Nandi, as well as hedging schemes that improve the performance of those proposed in the literature.  相似文献   
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Cap-and-trade programs such as the European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) expose firms to considerable risks, to which the firms can respond with hedging. We develop an intertemporal stochastic equilibrium model to analyze the implications of hedging by risk-averse firms. We show that the resulting time-varying risk premium depends on the size of the permit bank. Applying the model to the EU ETS, we find that hedging can lead to a U-shaped price path, because prices initially fall due to negative risk premiums and then rise as the hedging demand declines. The Market Stability Reserve (MSR) reduces the permit bank and thus, increases the hedging value of the permits. This offers an explanation for the recent price hike, but also implies that prices may decline in the future due to more negative risk premiums. In addition, we find higher permit cancellations through the MSR than previous analyses, which do not account for hedging.  相似文献   
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This paper examines the influence of institutional differences on corporate risk management practices in the USA and the Netherlands. We compare results to surveys in each country using a strategy that corrects for differences over industry and size classes across the Dutch and US samples. We document several differences in the firms’ uses and attitudes towards derivatives and attempt to attribute them to the differences in the institutional environments between the USA and the Netherlands. We find that institutional differences appear to have an important impact on risk management practices and derivatives use across US and Dutch firms.  相似文献   
45.
地区制度的兴起增加了全球治理机制的复杂性。竞争性多边主义理论强调制度竞争会导致国际机制的碎片化和规则冲突。制度聚合理论则认为制度背景会强化规则的一致性,甚至形成制度服从。这种冲突—聚合的二分法不足以分析地区制度与多边制度之间关系的复杂现实。作者提出一个双层对冲的分析框架,以解释地区制度与核心多边制度间的联系机制;一方面,地区成员要通过建立地区制度寻求外部选项,实现对现有多边制度的制衡。另一方面,地区成员又离不开现有多边制度,需要借用现有的多边制度资源来解决地区制度建设中的机会主义问题。为了实现双层对冲,地区成员国会根据地区制度的系统冲击效应和投资报偿结构,设计不同的制度嵌套。作者比较了金融救助领域的欧洲稳定机制、清迈倡议多边化以及拉美储备基金等地区金融安排,其结果符合预期。双层对冲框架下的兼容性制度竞争有利于推动国际制度的渐进变迁,限制了大国在国际秩序转型中的冲突烈度,为世界政治的和平权力转移提供了可能。  相似文献   
46.
    
We investigate the behavior of commodity futures risk premia in China. In the presence of retail-dominance and barriers-to-entry, the term structure and momentum premia remain persistent, whereas hedging pressure, skewness, volatility, and liquidity premia are distorted by time-varying margins and strict position limits. Furthermore, open interest, currency, and inflation premia are sensitive to institutional settings. The observed premia cannot be attributed to common risks, sentiment, transactions costs, or data-snooping, but are related to liquidity, anchoring, and regulation-induced limits-to-arbitrage. We highlight the distinctive features of Chinese futures markets and assess the challenges posed to theories of commodity risk premia.  相似文献   
47.
When the indemnity schedule is contingent on the farmer's price and individual yield, an optimal crop revenue insurance contract depends only on the farmer's gross revenue. However, this design is not efficient if, as is the case with available contracts, the coverage function is based on imperfect estimators of individual yield and/or price. The producer's degree of prudence and the extent of basis risks have important influences on the optimal indemnity schedule. In this broader context, optimal protection is not provided by available U.S. crop insurance contracts and may include combinations of revenue insurance, yield insurance, futures, and options contracts.  相似文献   
48.
套期保值与企业价值的文献回顾   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
论文对套期保值与企业价值的理论和实证研究文献作了系统的回顾,全面地归纳和总结了企业套期保值的动因,套期保值同企业价值的关系以及企业利用衍生工具进行套期保值的各种机制。大部分的实证结果表明,套期保值在不同程度上提高了企业的价值。论文的贡献在于对已有的研究方法进行了稳健性分析,并提出进一步的研究方向,包括扩展研究企业套期保值的工具和套期保值的程度;不同套期保值机制及其组合;对实证模型的变量及其关系做进一步的研究和分析;以及将套期保值的成本和损益作为实证模型中的控制变量,以使模型更完整。  相似文献   
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白糖期权上市以来,为食糖产业链企业带来了更为灵活、方便、高效的场内风险管理工具,进一步拓宽了实体企业的套保途径。本文将套期保值模型运用于白糖现货与期权的套期保值,并在最小VAR条件下结合DCC-GARCH模型实证分析期权对现货套保的效果。研究结果表明:相比不套保,白糖动态套保在大多数执行价格下增加组合收益率波动的同时,收益均值也会增加;白糖期权的不同执行价格会影响期权的虚实程度,从而影响收益率,导致套保效果不同。  相似文献   
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