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51.
In his 1960 book, Sraffa suggested using a composite commodity,which he called the Standard commodity, to solveRicardo's search for an invariable measure of value, i.e., astandard capable of isolating the price movements of any othercommodity induced by changes in income distribution. The absencein Sraffa's book of an explicit proof of the invariance propertyof this standard gave rise to many misunderstandings about itsmeaning and its role as an invariable measure of value. In orderto clear up these questions, Bellino (On Sraffa's Standard commodity,Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 28, 12132, 2004)has proposed a proper definition of an invariablemeasure of value, showing that Sraffa's Standard commoditydoes fulfil the requirements of this definition. He claims thatthe fulfilment of this property (but not the constancy of itsnominal price) qualifies the Standard commodityas an invariable measure of value. In this paper, a proof ofthe invariance of the price of the Standard commodity with respectto changes in income distribution is given, and the equivalenceof this property with Bellino's definition of invariance isshown. 相似文献
52.
信息不对称严重阻碍了农业保险的健康发展,建议通过建立克服农业保险中信息不对称的有效体系,以促进我国农业保险的健康发展。 相似文献
53.
相互制保险在农业保险领域有着明显的优势。然而,相互制保险管理制度上的缺陷及其与农业保险的矛盾制约着相互制农业保险的发展。目前,在我国合作意识不强、农村合作经济组织发育不健全的情况下,开展相互制农业保险还有一定困难。因此,要开展相互制农业保险,必须选择合适的范围和地区,并对相互制保险进行制度创新,为相互制农业保险提供财政补贴,建立再保险机制,加强引导,减少行政干预。 相似文献
54.
55.
Richard P. O’Neill Emily Bartholomew Fisher Benjamin F. Hobbs Ross Baldick 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2008,34(3):220-250
The general design for the real-time electricity market presented in this paper optimizes and prices both real and reactive
power simultaneously in an AC setting, where all assets—generation, load and transmission—are allowed to bid and are financially
settled at the locational price times energy consumed or produced. The result is that transmission lines are compensated for
both capacity and admittance, providing incentives for efficient operation of transmission-related assets such as FACTS devices,
if price-taking behavior is assumed. Losses are incorporated into the design and become an operating cost for transmission.
The market design is shown to be revenue neutral and, under some assumptions, nonconfiscatory.
相似文献
56.
Michael Smart 《International Tax and Public Finance》2002,9(2):143-155
This paper provides a new framework for evaluating the welfare effects of commodity tax reforms. It is shown that tax reforms are welfare improving if and only if they satisfy the following intuitive property: on average, consumer prices fall for commodities with high marginal excess burdens. The rule is then applied to analyze a shift from differentiated commodity taxation to direct flat-rate taxation of labour income. The welfare impact of such reforms can be decomposed into two effects: (i) the increase in welfare associated with substitution among taxed commodities, and (ii) the loss in welfare associated with substitution between commodities and leisure. On balance, a shift towards direct taxation is desirable when inter-commodity substitution effects are large relative to commodity–leisure substitution effects. The analysis allows us to reconcile the apparently conflicting results of the tax reform and optimal taxation literatures. 相似文献
57.
58.
陈虹 《北京市经济管理干部学院学报》2007,22(4):63-64,74
高职院校应以培养高级技术应用型专门人才为目标,建立具有自身特色的教学体系。首先要通过广泛的社会调研,了解相应的人才需求,在此基础上制定适宜的教学计划;同时要着力构建与高职教育相适应的教学体系,教学模式与方法尽量适应高职学生的特点和培养目标,加大实践教学的比重,建立设备较先进、具备实训教学功能的综合训练教学基地,加强"双师型"教师队伍建设,以培养出真正符合社会需求的、高质量的技术应用型人才。 相似文献
59.
阿弗奇—约翰逊模型(A—J模型)表明规制对象具有过度使用资本倾向,相应的实证检验中同时存在肯定和否定的结果,但基本的A—J模型、已有扩展和实证检验都忽略了受规制行业的峰荷需求特征。本文从基本的A—J模型出发,假定生产要素单位使用成本与规制机构所认可的单位核算成本不同,考察了峰荷需求特征下受规制网络型基础产业的投资行为,提供了资本配置效率的衡量标准。本文的基本结论在于,峰荷需求条件下受规制企业不一定投资过多,这也解释了为何A—J效应的实证检验存在相互矛盾的结果。 相似文献
60.
SONG Jia-yong 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2008,7(5):48-54
As economy explodes and packaging industry flourishes, it is a critical issue that international community encounters the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by packaging waste. As far as the Packaging Waste Management is concerned, European countries are abundant in worthwhile experiences, which could be used for reference to China's Construction of Packaging Waste Recycling System. Based on the analysis of industrial chain of European Packaging Waste Recycling System, this paper illuminates the corresponding policies, managements and role of distinguished interest-individual in different stages, which administers suggestions on how to put forward policies and implementing ordinance to China's Packaging Waste Management. 相似文献