农民收入增长缓慢的原因与对策

近年来，农民收入增长缓慢，成为影响农业发展和农村稳定的根本问题。造成农民收入增长缓慢的原因是多方面的。要认真贯彻中央农村工作会议精神，深入研究发展农村经济、增加农民收入的措施，为农民收入增长开辟新的途径。     

扩大内需的着力点——提高劳动力价格

扩张性财政政策和宽松的货币政策一度成为解决“内需”问题的良药。但实践证明,这种治标不治本的凯恩斯主义的药方最终会导致通货膨胀,不能根治经济中内需不足的问题。文章通过对国民收入分配中劳动者所处地位的分析,得出我国内需不足的问题来自于收入分配的问题。因此,扩大内需的着力点在于提高劳动力价格。     

初次分配也要贯彻公平原则

在我国国民收入初次分配中,实行了劳动力低成本政策,劳动分配率偏低.这既牺牲了劳动者的合法权益,直接造成了"收入差距悬殊"的现实;又导致低水平竞争和落后生产方式盛行.文章主张将"效率优先,兼顾公平"的原则贯彻到国民收入初次分配中去,既要解决初次分配中劳动者利益受损的问题,又要从初次分配环节先行减少过大的收入差距,为再分配最后解决公平问题创造条件.     

Industry‐specific Exchange Rate Fluctuations,Japanese Exports and Financial Constraints: Evidence from Panel Vector Autoregressive Analysis

Using a panel vector autoregression approach and industry breakdown data for financial constraints obtained from the Bank of Japan's Tankan (Short‐Term Economic Survey of Enterprises in Japan) database, this study empirically investigates whether and how Japanese firms' financial constraints (internal and external) influence the response of Japanese sectoral exports to an exchange rate shock. Furthermore, we use the industry‐specific real effective exchange rate data developed by to allow for different movements of real effective exchange rates across industries. It is found that financial constraints have a significant influence on Japanese exports in response to exchange rate shocks. Japanese exporters with either lower internal financial constraints or external financial constraints are less affected by the yen's appreciation. In addition, if firms face high external financial constraints, only reducing the internal financial constraints cannot help them mitigate the impact of the yen's appreciation on their exports. Thus, an accommodative financial environment also plays an important role in alleviating the impact that the yen's appreciation has on Japanese exports.     

BOT项目前期的政府监督问题及对策研究

政府监管是政府或政府指定的特设机构依据法律或法定授权对市场经济主体采取的一系列行政管理与监督的行为。BOT项目前期是由政府占据主导地位的,因此该阶段的政府监管更多的是对自身行为的监督。目前,该阶段存在立项规划欠缺前瞻性、招投标相关法律法规不健全、招投标存在不公平现象以及特许经营协议不完善的问题。必须充分考虑经济发展和城市规划的因素、完善BOT项目相关法律法规、规范招投标程序运作、强化政府监督的内部约束机制,以保障项目下一阶段的顺利进行。     

Running the Numbers on Lotteries and the Poor: An Empirical Analysis of Transfer Payment Distribution and Subsequent Lottery Sales

State lottery revenues are shown to increase during the week transfer payments are distributed. The timing of the increase in lottery purchases suggests a portion of the transfer payments is used to purchase lottery tickets. In addition to providing information on the timing of lottery purchases, this study finds sales of Pick 3 and Pick 4 tickets increase during the period, while sales of Pick 5 and Pick 6 games do not, suggesting a general preference for the relatively higher probability, smaller jackpot games for the group.

Equality of opportunity and the expansion of higher education in the UK

Using nine waves of data from Understanding Society (UKHLS), we study the expansion of higher education in the UK and its consequences for levels of and inequalities in income, physical and mental health. University expansion was characterized by a large increase in the proportion of graduates, with higher rates of graduation among individuals from more advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. Having controlled for birth cohort and lifecycle effects, there is evidence of significant inequality of opportunity (IOp) in the actual outcomes. However, comparing actual outcomes with counterfactual projections, that freeze the likelihood of university graduation and the joint distribution of graduation and circumstances to the pre-1963 levels, we do not detect an impact of the expansion of higher education on IOp in income and only small reductions in IOp in physical and mental health.