基于收益共享契约的三级供应链如何应对突发事件

本文针对一个由供应商-制造商-零售商构成的三级供应链,在考虑随机性需求基础上,探讨突发事件对三级供应链的影响,同时改进了协调供应链的收益共享契约,使之能够应对突发事件。     

协商购买作为征地先行程序的依据与构造

研究目的：明确协商购买作为征地先行程序的宪法基础和制度资源,设计协商购买征地先行程序。研究方法：规范分析、比较分析。研究结果：（1）协商购买作为征地先行程序具有宪法基础,不仅没有违反宪法第10条第4款,而且是宪法第10条第3款的内在要求,也与基本权利的程序保障功能吻合;（2）协商购买作为征地先行程序有其制度资源,征地补偿可以作为确定购买价格的依据;协商购买程序与开放建构的征地程序合拍;行政协议制度为协商购买争议解决奠定基础。研究结论：协商购买应当作为征地的强制先行程序,县级以上人民政府应当在申请征收前善意地向农民集体及其成员提出购买要约,购买价格可以参考且不得低于征地补偿,协商步骤安排应当兼顾行政效率与农民权益保障。     

市场调查中的不完全事后分层估计量

在使用多个分类变量对样本进行交叉事后分层时，经常面临边缘总值已知、格子总值未知的不完全事后分层问题。针对这一情况，给出两种估计量即搜索比率估计量和广义搜索比率估计量。     

企业融资交易的契约安排：一个交易费用经济学的分析框架

交易费用经济学理论将股权契约和债权契约视为对融资交易不同的契约治理结构。债权契约具有古典契约的特征,是一种按规则运作的契约治理结构;股权契约具有弹性治理的特征,是一种关系型契约治理结构。依据交易费用经济学理论关于交易与契约匹配的一般机理,可以得出融资交易的契约安排机理:低资产专用性融资交易选择债权契约,高资产专用性融资交易选择股权契约,中等资产专用性融资交易选择混合性融资契约,这既可达到交易费用的最小化,又可实现交易效率的最大化。究竟哪类契约在现实融资契约安排中占主导地位,这取决于融资交易包含的资产专用性大小。     

论地质调查项目合同管理

合同制度是市场经济下实现商品等价交换的法定形式。从法律规范化的角度,对地质调查项目合同与可比性有名合同作了类似性分析,在此基础上,论证了地质调查项目合同的法律定位及其管理目标模式的建立。     

Banking with nominal deposits and inside money

Bank runs in the literature take the form of withdrawals of demand deposits payable in real goods, which deplete a fixed reserve of goods in the banking system. That framework describes traditional bank runs based on currency withdrawals as occurred historically in the US and more recently in developing countries. However, in a modern banking system, large withdrawals typically take the form of electronic payments of inside money, with no analog of a depletion of a scarce reserve from the banking system. In a new framework of nominal demand deposits repayable in inside money, pure liquidity-driven bank runs do not occur. If there were excessive early withdrawals, nominal deposits would hedge the bank and flexible monetary prices in the goods market would limit real consumption. The maturity mismatch of short term liabilities and long term assets is not sufficient for multiple equilibria bank runs without other frictions. A key role of the bank is to ensure optimal real liquidity, which allows markets to optimally distribute consumption goods through the price mechanism.     

电子合同形式的“功能等同法”新解

合同形式直接影响合同的效力和证据地位。目前,关于电子合同形式的界定有不同观点,其中功能等同法是国际上立法实践中流行的做法,但国内学界对此法认识存在误区。功能等同法并没有直接规定电子合同具有与书面合同同等的效力,而是旨在确定能够令电子合同具有与书面合同同等效力的条件———功能等同。     

CONTRACTS,ENTREPRENEURS, MARKET CREATION AND JUDGEMENT: THE CONTEMPORARY MAINSTREAM THEORY OF THE FIRM IN PERSPECTIVE

This survey gives an overview of the theory of the firm as it is formulated within the contemporary ‘mainstream’ of economics. Two groupings of theories are briefly discussed: principal–agent and incomplete contract models. Next, three of the most recent contributions regarding firms are considered. The reference point approach is looked at first followed by a discussion of Spulber's book The Theory of the Firm. Last, we consider the entrepreneurial judgement perspective.     

Production Contracts and Productivity in the U.S. Hog Sector

This article measures the impact of contracting on partial and total factor productivity and the production technology of U.S. hog operations. A sample selection model accounts for the fact that unobservable variables may be correlated with both the operators' decision to contract and farm productivity. Results indicate that the use of production contracts is associated with a substantial increase in factor productivity, and represents a technological improvement over independent production. Results also identify determinants of farmers' decisions to contract and other factors influencing farm productivity.