浅析施工企业的自主创新

在当前经济快速发展过程中,自主创新能力是提高施工企业核心竞争力的关键。本文结合我国建筑企业在自主创新方面的做法,分析了施工企业的自主创新体现在技术创新和管理创新两个方面,并提出了通过组合技术、以市场为导向、重视人才资源等途径来提高自主创新能力,从而提高施工企业自身的竞争力和建筑行业的科学发展。     

国防科技工业自主创新执行主体的连接机制研究

首先,对国防科技工业自主创新执行主体的基本构成及其相应的功能进行分析,明确国防工业企业作为自主创新的主体地位,其主体性主要表现为企业是自主创新的决策主体、研发主体和应用主体,而国防科研院所和高校处于辅助性地位;其次,对各创新主体的内在连接机制进行分析,明确各创新执行主体通过技术连接,构成了产学研有机结合的国防科技自主创新执行主体体系。     

我国独立审计需求缘何不足:契约实施角度的分析

我国独立审计需求不足在于证券价格机制和第三方实施机制作用有限,并且证券价格变化对代理人利益的影响不大。     

When will boards influence strategy? inclination × power = strategic change

While boards of directors are usually recognized as having the potential to affect strategic change in organizations, there is considerable debate as to whether such potential is typically realized. We seek to reconcile the debate on whether boards are typically passive vs. active players in the strategy realm by developing a model that specifies when boards are likely to influence organizational strategy and whether such an influence is likely to impel vs. impede change. Specifically, we develop arguments as to when certain demographic and processual features of boards imply a greater inclination for strategic change, when these features imply a greater preference for the status quo, and how differences in such inclinations will influence strategic change. We then also propose that a board's inclination for strategic change interacts with a board's power to affect change, generating a multiplicative effect on strategic change. These ideas are tested using survey and archival data from a national sample of over 3000 hospitals. The supportive findings suggest that strategic change is significantly affected by board demography and board processes, and that these governance effects manifest themselves most strongly in situations where boards are more powerful. We discuss these findings in terms of their relevance for theories of demography, agency, and power. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

董责险与企业数字化转型：监督激励效应还是机会主义效应？

作为资本市场中的风险防范工具,董责险既可能监督激励管理者以促进企业数字化转型,也可能诱发管理者机会主义行为以抑制企业数字化转型。采用2012—2022年沪深A股制造业上市公司数据分析发现：购买董责险能够显著促进企业数字化转型,表明监督激励效应在其中发挥了主导作用;购买董责险促进了企业风险承担水平提升和融资约束程度下降,表明董责险的监督激励效应通过风险承担机制和融资约束机制促进了企业数字化转型;购买董责险对企业的管理费用率和总资产周转率没有显著影响,表明董责险的机会主义效应未能发挥作用,不能通过管理者自利机制来抑制企业数字化转型;董责险的数字化转型促进效应在非国有企业、公司治理较差企业和金融发展较差地区企业中更为显著,表明董责险能够弥补产权制度、公司治理和金融环境的不足,有效促进存在某些劣势的企业数字化转型。因此,应积极推动董责险市场健康发展,充分利用董责险的监督激励效应及其与产权制度的协同作用、对公司治理和金融环境的补充作用,有效促进企业数字化转型。     

美国电影业的产业经济学分析

首先论述美国电影业的几个主要行业特征,进而分析美国电影业的产业结构。美国的电影业结构是六大主流制片公司与大量规模不等的独立制片公司并存。虽然当面临新企业进入的威胁时,六大主流制片公司采取了进入容纳政策,但由于美国电影业的经营特点,大多数独立制片公司最终不是倒闭就是被六大主流制片公司收购。     

Women’s Roles on U.S. Fortune 500 Boards: Director Expertise and Committee Memberships

This study examines the presence and roles of female directors of U.S. Fortune 500 firms, focusing on committee assignments and director background. Prior work from almost two decades ago concludes that there is a systematic bias against females in assignment to top board committees. Examining a recent data set with a logistic regression model that controls for director and firm characteristics, director resource-dependence roles and interaction between director gender and director characteristics, we find that female directors are less likely than male directors to sit on executive committees and more likely than male directors to sit on public affairs committees. There is little if any evidence of systematic gender bias in director assignment to other board committees. We find some evidence that boards evaluate resource dependence differently for women than men. Craig A. Peterson Western Michigan University, Grand Rapios, MI 49503, USA Craig A. Peterson is associate professor of finance at Western Michigan University, Grand Rapids Regional Center. In addition to corporate governance, his research interests include investment management and corporate finance. James Philpot is assistant professor of finance and general business at Missouri State University. His research interests include corporate governance, financial planning and financial education.     

注册会计师行业独立型监管模式有效性研究——基于美国PCAOB运作情况的分析

独立型监管机构具有更高的独立性、更大的法定权威和更集中的监管权限等有利条件,但缺乏基于社会声誉的权威,同时存在外部约束弱化、过度监管和行业专门知识利用不足等问题.独立型监管模式的有益经验值得借鉴,但必须注意其有效性不是无条件的.我国可考虑设立类似于美国PCAOB的相对独立、专司其职、权限集中、有充分法律授权和充足经费保障的监管机构,但须深入分析我国国情,设计出在权威、激励和知识三个维度上均能提高监管效率的改革方案.     

基金会制度与独立董事制度的完善

呼吁引进一个新的制度,即基金会制度,并且从我国实际出发,研究分析了基金会制度在解决独立董事制度中的难题作用。从基金会制度在独立董事的选任和激励约束制度中的作用来看,基金会应是一个独立的非营利性法人机构,将其融入独立董事制度中,能使许多问题迎刃而解。