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61.
关于我国财政政策导向调整的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来我国实施的积极财政政策确实在很大程度上促进了经济和社会的发展。但是随着经济市场化程度的不断提高和经济环境的变化,这种积极财政政策也表现出诸多的不适应性。因此应适时调整财政政策导向以适应经济和社会发展的新要求。拟从我国近年来实施的积极财政政策的成效分析出发,阐述了当前调整财政政策导向的必然性,并提出了今后我国财政政策的调整方向。 相似文献
62.
Peter A. Corning 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2000,2(1):41-86
The groundzero premise (so to speak) of the biological sciences is that survival and reproduction is the basic, continuing, inescapable problem for all living organisms; life is at bottom a survival enterprise. It follows that survival is the paradigmatic problem for human societies as well; it is a prerequisite for any other, more exalted objectives. Although the term adaptation is also familiar to social scientists, until recently it has been used only selectively, and often very imprecisely. Here a more rigorous and systematic approach to the concept of adaptation is proposed in terms of basic needs. The concept of basic human needs has a venerable history – tracing back at least to Plato and Aristotle. Yet the development of a formal theory of basic needs has lagged far behind. The reason is that the concept of objective, measurable needs is inconsistent with the theoretical assumptions that have dominated economic and social theory for most of this century, namely, valuerelativism and cultural determinism. Nevertheless, there have been a number of efforts over the past 30 years to develop more universalistic criteria for basic needs, both for use in monitoring social wellbeing (social indicators) and for public policy formulation. Here I will advance a strictly biological approach to perationalizing the concept of basic needs. It is argued that much of our economic and social life (and the motivations behind our revealed preferences and subjective utility assessments), not to mention the actions of modern governments, are either directly or indirectly related to the meeting of our basic survival needs. Furthermore, these needs can be specified to a first approximation and supported empirically to varying degrees, with the obvious caveat that there are major individual and contextual variations in their application. Equally important, complex human societies generate an array of instrumental needs which, as the term implies, serve as intermediaries between our primary needs and the specific economic, cultural and political contexts within which these needs must be satisfied. An explicit framework of Survival Indicators, including a profile of Personal Fitness and an aggregate index of Population Fitness, is briefly elucidated. Finally, it is suggested that a basic needs paradigm could provide an analytical tool (a biologic) for examining more closely the relationship between our social, economic and political behaviors and institutions and their survival consequences, as well as providing a predictive tool of some value. 相似文献
63.
影响我国农民市场主体地位确立的制度因素 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
拥有自主产权是农民成为真正市场主体的必要条件,包括诸如组织制度、户籍制度、金融制度、社会保障制度等在内的产权支持系统是影响农民成为市场主体的充分条件。市场主体地位的高低在某种意义上是由经济实体在参与市场经济活动时所拥有的权利束决定的。推进农村经济市场化的过程就是加强农民市场主体地位的过程。进一步深化农村体制改革,从根本上消除不合理制度对农民的束缚,使农民成为真正的市场主体是解决当前“三农”问题的根本出路。 相似文献
64.
Synopsis This paper is the product of a collaboration between a biologist (Ghiselin 1997) who works on the philosophy of classification
and an economist (Landa 1981, 1994) who works on the ‘Economics of Identity’: how and why people classify people based on
identity in the context of a theory of ethnic trading networks. In developing the ‘bioeconomics’ (the synthesis of economics
with biology) of classification, we crossed a number of disciplinary boundaries—anthropology, economics, sociology, biology,
and cognitive psychology including evolutionary psychology’s ‘fast and frugal’ heuristics. Using a bioeconomics approach,
we argue that folk classifications—the classifications used by ordinary persons—have much in common with scientific classifications:
underlying both is the need for economy of information processing in the brain, for the efficient organization of knowledge,
and for efficiency of information acquisition and transmission of information to others. Both evolve as a result of trial
and error, but in science there is relatively more foresight, understanding, and planning. 相似文献
65.
本文根据湖北和武汉统计年鉴等资料中的人口数据和社会商品零售额数据 ,拟合出反映人口分布和商业网点分布的计量模型。然后根据模型的含义 ,并综合考虑其它影响商业网点配置的因素 ,提出适合武汉市人口分布的商业网点优化配置的合理性建议 相似文献
66.
改革开放以来,嘉兴农村社会阶层发生很大的变化,出现了许多新的阶层。这对促进农村政治民主化的发展、完善目前正在实施的村民自治制度具有重要的作用。但应当看到目前嘉兴农村基层民主建设尚存在一些问题,这些问题的存在与农村阶层分化不到位,以及群体性和组织性不强有着直接的关系。正确认识农村社会结构变化的规律,不断增强它的群体性和组织程度,对促进农村政治发展的民主化具有重要意义。 相似文献
67.
中国就业歧视现象及其危害分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
杨艳东 《南京财经大学学报》2004,(4):68-70
近年来,由于就业人口的增多、就业压力增大等原因,中国的就业歧视现象呈现出愈演愈烈的趋势。就业歧视不仅破坏了平等竞争的就业环境,而且还将危害社会的正常发展,给社会的正常秩序带来不安定的隐患。 相似文献
68.
69.
北京城乡结合部的发展演变及启示 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
在研究北京城乡结合部于改革开放后发展变化历程的基础上,对城乡结合部在北京发展中的四个作用作了详细的分析,对北京城乡结合部发展中存在的六个方面的问题也进行了分析并提出了相应的对策建议. 相似文献
70.