行为成本是成本研究的新课题——行为成本再探

本文在《成本创新 :行为成本初探》一文的基础上 ,对行为成本作进一步探讨 ,提出成本研究不能停留在工业经济时代 ,只研究产品成本 ,而应随着知识经济时代的到来进一步研究行为成本。     

钢结构框架体系在工业厂房中的应用以及最优方案设计

近几年来,钢结构得到了广泛的应用,因此,如何抓好设计和施工质量是当前钢结构框架体系应用于工业厂房需要考虑的迫切的问题。本文对钢结构体系的设计原则、以及对钢结构在工业厂房中构建的全过程对其进行分析阐述,试图通过标准化作业来进一步拓展钢结构在工业厂房中的可选择的最优化的设计方案。     

台湾产业升级过程中人力资源的开发

在台湾产业发展和产业升级过程中,产业人力资源结构发生很大的变动,出现结构性的人力资源紧缺与流失。为此,台湾当局大力发展职业技术教育、促进海外人力资源回流、加强产业人力资源培养、推动产业创新等一系列推动产业人力资源发展的对策措施,具有一定的参考借鉴意义。     

产业集群视角下广西北部湾经济区城市群发展研究

从经济学角度看,产业集群是城市群的增长极核。广西北部湾经济区城市群是珠三角、长三角和环渤海城市群后中国经济的又一增长极。为了提升广西北部湾经济区城市群的竞争力,必须发展产业集群。通过对现状的分析,从产业集群角度探讨广西北部湾经济区城市群发展对策,提出城市群发展建议。     

Using Signals to Initiate Importer-Exporter Relationships: Evidence from Vietnamese Importers

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Realizing the existence of information asymmetry in export markets and the use of signals to distinguish high-qualified sellers from low-qualified sellers, this study investigates the effects of signal consistency and signal clarity on exporter credibility, and subsequently, importer relationship intention.

Methodology: Using a survey data set collected from a systematic sample of 418 Vietnamese importers, the authors tested a model hypothesizing the impact of signal consistency and signal clarity on exporter credibility, and subsequently, on importer relationship intention.

Findings: The authors found that signal consistency and clarity have a positive impact on exporter credibility. Signal consistency also enhances the level of signal clarity. They also found that exporter credibility underlies importer relationship intension.

Research Implications: Under the condition of information asymmetry, importers face difficulties in identifying and evaluating the best supplier among available suppliers in order to make the most appropriate selection decision. The findings confirm that signal clarity and consistency can help exporters to overcome such problems. Exporters should ensure that all signals sent to importers are clear and consistent over time to encourage importers to build long-term business relationships with them.

Contributions: The findings of this study add to the literature on signaling in exporter–importer relationships and can serve as an initiation for further research in the area in transitioning economies.     

Customer Involvement in Product Development: An Industrial Network Perspective

Purpose: In business markets, working with customers and users has become increasingly important to get knowledge about customer needs and to develop new products. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to develop a framework for analyzing customer involvement in product development in a business market context, and (2) to apply this framework to a particular company to describe and analyze how it practices customer involvement.

Methodology/approach: The article takes its main theoretical starting point in the industrial network approach, but also uses other literature from the innovation and product development field. The empirical study applies a qualitative case study approach and focuses on one company in the truck business.

Findings: The suggested framework deals with four key aspects of customer involvement: Why, when, how, and who. The observed pattern of the truck manufacturer shows how dealers, hauliers, and truck drivers are all part of the overall understanding of the customer. These actors are involved for different, typically very clear, purposes at different points in time through surveys, product clinics, and field testing. The pattern, referred to as mixed facilitative, is not one of close collaboration with individual customers, but one of broad involvement of several customers through business intelligence and direct involvement.

Research implications: First, the article provides researchers with a framework and method for studying customer involvement in product development. Second, the case study provides an illustrative example of the customer involvement pattern pursued by a leading company in a major industry. This enhances the understanding of the focal phenomenon, leads to managerial implications, and gives ideas for future research.

Practical implications: There are several managerial implications related to the why, when, how, and who questions. For example, it is pointed out that managers should consider involving customers more extensively than what seems to be common today—for example, by using customers as codevelopers, working with them throughout the entire development process (i.e., not only early and late), and including different types of users (with different requirements and wishes).

Originality/value/contribution of the article: The contribution lies in the development of a framework centered on the four key questions of customer involvement in

product development and using this framework for observing a pattern, and finding explanations and relating this pattern to how other firms are doing.     

基础设施对包容性增长的影响探讨

包容性增长日益成为关注的议题,经济政策的重点不仅要维持增长速度还要将增长收益惠及所有的人及地区.本文运用文献法、归纳法等方法介绍了基础设施的特征,阐述了基础设施通过对经济增长与减贫的影响而对包容性增长起着关键作用.我国经济要实现包容性增长,就要加强对基础设施的投资.     

Business and the limited reconstruction of industrial relations in the UK in the 1970s

Industrial relations were reconstructed in the UK in the 1970s, but only in a limited way. This article examines how business preserved ultimate managerial prerogative in the organisation of the firm and the workplace by constraining the process of reconstruction. The analysis contributes to understanding of business in the 1970s and varieties of capitalism literature on comparative political economy by suggesting that changes in industrial relations were accepted by business only where congruent with corporate strategy. Evidence comes from industrial relations surveys and the Bullock Inquiry on board-level worker participation.