加入 WTO 以来中国出口商品竞争优势的演变

运用市场占有率、显示性比较优势、贸易竞争指数等指标,对2001—2012年我国进出口商品的数据进行分析,发现我国对外贸易整体竞争优势不断增强。对以SITC1位码水平下九类商品的竞争力指数分析,可以看出我国在劳动密集型产品上优势较明显,但有减弱迹象;我国资源密集型产品的国际竞争力越来越弱,资本和技术密集型的产品竞争优势逐渐增强。通过对不同技术含量制成品的贸易竞争力分析,发现我国低技术含量制成品竞争力在不断增强,具有较为明显的竞争优势,中等技术含量制成品中工程类制成品、加工类制成品及电子和电力类高科技含量制成品竞争力逐渐显现。     

外商直接投资对江苏省产业结构的影响及对策

江苏省凭借地理优势成为吸引外商直接投资最多的地区之一,外商直接投资逐渐成为该省经济最具活力和潜力的增长点。外资的大量涌入,对该省产业发展与产业结构调整具有关键影响。文章结合2005-2014年江苏省FDI的历史数据,从理论上分析FDI对产业结构的影响,得出江苏省外商直接投资的来源结构和产业结构不平衡的结论。提出政府应着力优化投资环境、加强FDI的产业导向、提高农业利用FDI的数量和质量、鼓励外资进入第三产业等对策建议。     

福建省三次产业对经济增长的贡献分析

本文利用1979-2008年福建省的地区生产总值及第一、二、三产业增加值的时间序列数据,测算了改革开放三十多年来各产业增长对经济增长的贡献。结果表明福建省经济的增长主要是由第二产业拉动的,其次是第三产业,最后是第一产业,其中第二产业对经济增长的贡献率达到了惊人的52.54%。在第二产业内部结构中,工业对经济增长的贡献率是建筑业的30倍。本文据此提出相关建议。     

西安市文化产业集聚特征及机制分析

通过《西安市统计年鉴》和西安市黄页,结合Google等搜索工具,收集文化产业相关企业点信息,借助生命周期相关理论,根据产业发展的整个生命周期所产生的经济效益和已经达到最大经济效益所用的时间,将文化产业集聚类型区划分为引领型、长寿型、富裕型、问题型。研究西安市文化产业整体基于Ks、T指数和Q指数的集聚特征,将文化产业区域集聚形成机制分为资源导向型产业集聚和市场导向型产业集聚。从文化资源开发、消费市场的培育、政府机构的改革和文化产业发展的方向四个方面,提出促进区域文化产业的集聚发展的具体措施,以期对西安市文化产业的资源优化配置和产业结构调整提供参考。     

The Relationship Between Project Success and Project Efficiency

Many researchers have suggested that meeting time, scope, and budget goals, sometimes called ‘project efficiency,’ is not the comprehensive measure of project success. Broader measures of success have been recommended; however, to date, nobody has determined empirically the relationship between efficiency and overall success or indeed shown whether efficiency is important at all to overall project success. Our aim in this article is to correct that omission. Through a survey of 1,386 projects we have shown that project efficiency correlates moderately strongly to overall project success (correlation of 0.6 and R² of 0.36). Efficiency is shown through analysis to be neither the only aspect of project success nor an aspect of project success that can be ignored.     

资产专用性视角下战略性新兴产业并购创新绩效

中国战略性新兴产业并购事件逐年增加,其中以获取技术为目标的并购事件不断涌现。基于2010—2017年战略性新兴产业上市公司数据,对比并购前后专利申请数量发现相比于并购前,并购后企业创新绩效有显著提高且影响具有一定持续性。通过负二项回归检验企业并购经验、并购价格、资产专用性等因素对创新绩效的影响。研究结果显示,企业并购价格对战略性新兴产业上市公司并购创新绩效产生正向促进作用,企业资产专用性在并购价格与创新绩效之间、并购经验与创新绩效之间都具有负向调节作用。研究结论拓展了影响战略性新兴产业创新绩效的研究,为政府制定相关扶持政策、企业并购等方面提供了实证依据和决策参考。     

网络产业的市场结构重组、民营化与网络瓶颈

在传统体制下,电信、电力、铁路运输、管道燃气、自来水等网络产业基本上是由国有企业垄断经营的。因此,以促进竞争为导向的市场结构重组与民营化是这些网络产业改革的两大主题。但网络产业的改革必然凸现网络瓶颈,这要求政府制定与实施有效的接入管制政策。     

专业化分工、区域经济一体化与我国地方优势产业形成的实证分析

地方优势产业的形成是专业化劳动分工本身的产物,同时,区域经济一体化进程的加快,有利于促进地区分工水平的演进,从而进一步增强产业的地理集中程度,促进地方优势产业的进一步发展壮大。文章由此对我国的地区分工水平、区域间贸易成本的变化以及地方优势的形成作了详尽的实证分析,认为随着市场经济的发展,我国区域经济一体化进程趋于加快,从而各地区的专业化分工水平有所上升,地方优势产业已初步形成。     

Indigenous Peoples,Resource Extraction and Sustainable Development: An Ethical Approach

Resource extraction companies worldwide are involved with Indigenous peoples. Historically these interactions have been antagonistic, yet there is a growing public expectation for improved ethical performance of resource industries to engage with Indigenous peoples. (Crawley and Sinclair, Journal of Business Ethics 45, 361–373 (2003)) proposed an ethical model for human resource practices with Indigenous peoples in Australian mining companies. This paper expands on this work by re-framing the discussion within the context of sustainable development, extending it to Canada, and generalizing to other resource industries. We argue that it is unethical to sacrifice the viability of Indigenous cultures for industrial resource extraction; it is ethical to engage with indigenous peoples in a manner consistent with their wishes and needs as they perceive them. We apply these ideas to a case study in the coastal temperate rainforest of Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia, Canada. In this case a scientific panel comprised of Nuu-Chah-Nulth elders, forest scientists and management professionals, achieved full consensus on developing sustainable forest practice standards by drawing equally on Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge and Western science in the context of one of the most heated and protracted environmental conflicts in Canadian history. The resulting sustainable forest practice standards were later adopted by leading forestry firms operating on the coast. Our analysis of this scientific panels success provides the basis for advancing an ethical approach to sustainable development with Indigenous peoples. This ethical approach is applicable to companies working in natural resource industries where the territories of Indigenous peoples are involved.David Lertzman Ph.D. is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Environmental Management and Sustainable Development and Senior Associate with the TransCanada International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies at the Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary. He teaches courses on Sustainable Development With Indigenous Peoples at the Graduate and Undergraduate levels, and in the MSc Program in Sustainable Energy Development for Latin America and the Caribbean. Dr. Lertzman also teaches a Wilderness Retreat on Leadership for Sustainable Development in the MBA program. He is a private consultant and has worked in many Indigenous communities, mostly in Western Canada.Harrie Vredenburg Ph.D. is Professor and Suncor Energy Chair in Competitive Strategy and Sustainable Development at the Haskayne School of Business at the University of Calgary where he is also Director of the TransCanada International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies. He teaches in Haskaynes MBA and PhD programs. He is also Academic Chair of the MSc program in Sustainable Energy Development for Latin America and the Caribbean offered by the Haskayne School of Business at the Quito Ecuador campus of regional partner, the Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE). He regularly teaches in the Latin American program.     

进口服务贸易对我国不同服务行业发展的影响力分析

本文基于面板数据的方法,以我国加入WTO为界,分别考察了1997—2001年和2002—2006年进口服务贸易对我国八个不同服务行业发展的影响。从总体上看,进口服务贸易在入世前、后均对我国服务行业的发展起到了正向的、较为稳定的促进作用,但这种稳定是以部分服务行业的快速发展和另一部分服务行业受到巨大冲击为代价的。从结构上看,进口服务贸易在入世前、后对不同服务行业发展的影响是不同的,对以金融服务业和通讯服务业为代表的新兴服务行业的促进作用明显增强,对计算机和信息服务行业的促进作用在减弱,而对以旅游业和运输业为代表的传统服务行业以及电影和音像服务行业的冲击较大。