反食物浪费政策的落地：国际经验与本土实践

[目的]粮食安全战略是国家安全战略的重要组成部分,粮食浪费是危害我国粮食安全的重要因素,为保障粮食安全,减少粮食浪费尤为重要。[方法]文章从法律法规、政策措施、运行机制三方面系统梳理了美国和法国减少食物浪费的经验做法。[结果]在法律法规方面,美国的法律法规强调引导激励作用;法国的法律法规双管齐下,兼顾引导激励和处罚遏制。在政策措施方面,美国构建了差异化食物回收等级体系、通过投资教育等方式助力反食物浪费;法国更注重发挥社会各界的力量,引导社会力量进行自我管理和反食物浪费。在运行机制方面,美国和法国均通过多部门协作、多领域减少食物浪费,但在非政府组织的参与程度上,美国非政府组织的参与程度明显高于法国。[结论]参考他国经验,基于本国国情,建议：制定法律政策的实施细则,兼顾引导激励和处罚遏制;建立多层次的食物回收等级体系,提升食物回收再利用的效率;加强各部门间的协作,在全过程形成反食物浪费的合力;号召社会各界踊跃参与,将反食物浪费化为全社会的自觉行动。     

多层次资本市场构想

从世界上许多经济发展比较成功的国家的经验教训看,经济结构、产业结构的调整本质上是一个资本供给制度的改革和调整问题,也就是构建有利于资本向高效配置方向流动的市场平台,这一任务不能依赖间接融资体系,而只能依靠发达、完善的资本市场体系。因此,建立多层次的资本市场才能提高金融资源的利用效率。     

屏南县发展高山反季节蔬菜业的条件及对策

以福建省屏南县反季节蔬菜业的发展作为个案,分析发展反季节蔬菜的意义及有利条件、蔬菜业在种植业中的地位,提出发展前景和注重综合规划,碧立高标准的基地,建立蔬菜适销公司,发展外销刨汇蔬菜等对策。     

IPO首日超额收益:基于抑价和溢价的研究综述

从一级市场抑价和二级市场溢价两个角度时IPO首日超额收益的相关研究进行了综述,并为我国IPO首日超额收益提供了新的解释.基于信息不对称,一级市场抑价解释认为IPO首日超额收益是发行抑价的结果,是对投资者面临的风险或者提供私有信息的补偿;在对称信息下,抑价是股权选择的一种均衡机制,也是发行人和投资者行为偏差的影响结果;基于行为金融,二级市场溢价解释认为噪声交易者的存在使IPO上市首目交易价格偏离了内在价值,产生了二级市场溢价.     

用神经网络对开式冷挤压极限变形程度的预测

给出了基于 BP网络的极限变形程度预测的分析方法 ,得到了开式冷挤压εmax神经网络计算结果 ,与实验结果比较 ,其精度较高 ,证明了神经网络模型在开式冷挤压工艺中应用的可行性。     

Doorsteps Toward Political and Economic Openness: Testing the North-Wallis-Weingast Transition Framework

In this paper, we test the theoretical framework developed by North, Wallis, and Weingast (2009), who posit that limited-access societies need to meet three doorstep conditions before they can transit into open-access societies: (1) establishment of rule of law among elites, (2) adoption of perpetually existing organizations, and (3) political control of the military. We identify indicators reflecting these doorsteps and econometrically test their relationships with specific political and economic variables. We broadly confirm the logic behind the doorsteps as necessary conditions in the transition to open-access societies. The doorsteps influence economic and political processes, as well as each other, with varying intensities.     

Collateral requirements of SMEs: The evidence from less-developed countries

This paper aims to investigate the determinants of collateral requirements for loans that are extended to small and medium-sized enterprises in less-developed countries. Our primary data source consists of the results from firms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey, which is compiled by the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The results show that borrower-specific variables are more important than country-specific variables in determining collateral requirements on loan contracts. The strongest evidence in our paper emphasises the importance of borrower risk and loan cost in collateral determinants.     

The rise and fall of technical trading rule success

The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of an important set of momentum-based technical trading rules (TTRs) applied to all members of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) stock index over the period 1928–2012. Using a set of econometric models that permit time-variation in risk-adjusted returns to TTR portfolios, the results reveal that profits evolve slowly over time, are confined to particular episodes primarily from the mid-1960s to mid-1980s, and rely on the ability of investors to short-sell stocks. These findings are demonstrated to be consistent with theoretical models that predict a relationship between TTR performance and market conditions.     

Can (unusual) weather conditions in New York predict South African stock returns?

This paper investigates the explanatory power of certain weather variables, measured as deviations from their monthly averages, in a leading international financial trading centre, i.e., New York, for South African stock returns, over the daily period January 2nd, 1973 to December, 31, 2015. The empirical results highlight that these unusual deviations of weather variables have a statistically significant negative effect on the stock returns in South Africa, indicating that unusual weather conditions in New York can be used to predict South African stock returns, which otherwise seems to be highly unpredictable. In fact, a forecasting exercise recommends that a trading rule that considers those weather variables through a GARCH modelling approach seems to outperform the random walk model and thus beat the market.