基于迎合理论的中国上市公司现金股利变更性研究

基于现金股利变更的动态视角,利用2000－2013年度中国证券市场的数据,分别从市场整体迎合与上市公司单个迎合方面,实证检验了迎合理论在中国证券市场的适用性。研究发现,迎合理论能够作为解释中国上市公司分配现金股利的原因。从市场整体状况来看,上市公司的当年度现金股利意愿与上年度的市场股利溢价之间存在明显的相同趋势,而从上市公司状况来看,若上市公司的现金股利意愿与市场股利溢价水平之间的差距越大,则更有可能变更现金股利形式以迎合证券市场投资者的需求。     

劳动力成本上升与企业的发展道路选择

劳动力成本问题是当前企业不可忽视的一个问题,而劳动力成本的增加已经成为企业的一个重要的成本负担,企业如何应对劳动力成本的增加就成为一个值得研究的问题。文章主要从三个方面分析了劳动力成本上升的具体原因,及其给企业带来的影响,然后通过分离了劳动质量和资本质量的含体现技术进步的生产函数模型来分析企业应该如何应对劳动力成本上升的问题。     

Credit Access,the Costs of Credit and Credit Market Discrimination

Since the early 1990s, credit expanded relative to income, especially after 2001. It is hypothesized that traditionally uneven credit access and gaps in the costs of credit by demographic characteristics shrank during this period. Relying on data from the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finance, this study looks at financial constraints, the costs of credit and a number of contributions to the costs of credit, including sources and types of loans. The results indicate that taste-based discrimination and structural discrimination may have persisted and possibly increased over time. Gaps in credit access and costs of credit have widened by race, remained high by income, but shrank by ethnicity. Part of the overall differences in credit access was a varying reliance on professional information when making decisions on debt.

Professionals inside the board room: accounting expertise of directors and dividend policy

Directors’ personal attributes have significant impacts on governance effectiveness. We study whether directors’ accounting expertise affects corporate financial policy and investigate dividend in specific. We construct a dataset of audit committee directors’ accounting expertise for Standard & Poor 500 firms from 2005 to 2012. We first verify directors’ monitoring roles by showing that firms with accounting expert sitting on their audit committees demonstrate stronger accounting conservatism. In our main tests, we find that these firms maintain lower dividend payment level, which are less sensitive to earnings volatility. This suggests directors’ advisory roles in financial policy. We further show that our accounting expertise cannot be subsumed by management ability. In additional test, we further examine the baseline results conditional on analyst forecast error. Our findings highlight the importance of directors’ professional expertise in fulfilling their governance roles.     

Reducing agency conflicts through bank dividend payout decisions: the role of opacity and ownership structure

We empirically examine whether banks’ dividend decisions are influenced by their degree of opacity and ownership structure. We find that banks with concentrated ownership structure pay lower dividends when they have high degrees of opacity, in line with the hypothesis that majority shareholders pay lower dividends to extract higher levels of private benefits. We do not observe such expropriation behaviour from managers in widely held banks. Further analysis shows that higher levels of shareholder protection and stronger supervisory regimes help to constrain opportunistic behaviour of majority shareholders. Our findings have critical policy implications for the Basel 3 implementation of restrictions on dividend payouts.     

零股利不能带来公司与高管的双赢——来自中国上市公司的证据

以2007年中国上市公司中零股利政策的公司为样本,考察零股利①状态下高管薪酬与公司价值之间的关系,结果发现：公司价值对高管薪酬有显著的负影响,公司当期业绩对高管薪酬有正影响但不显著,与激励理论并不相符;同时,零股利公司高管薪酬与公司的规模和持续零股利的时间没有显著性相关,与管理费用的增加水平呈同向变动但统计上没有显著性意义,而与现金持有水平高度显著性相关。研究表明：零股利公司高管与公司价值之间没有达到双赢,存在高管为了最大化个人利益而损害公司价值的可能;零股利政策下的现金流并非完全是为了进行有ft．1项目的再投资;零股利公司的高管薪酬政策,对高管来说安全性太高,而风险激励不足,存在激励不相容。     

公司治理与股利政策

以2004年至2007年沪深两地上市公司作为研究样本,探讨产品市场竞争程度在上市公司股利政策中的治理效应,可以说明,上市公司行业竞争对公司财务决策有益,也有益于资本市场健康、有序地发展。这一探讨可为提高我国市场竞争的公司治理效应提供参考经验。     

我国物业税开征的必要性及难点应对策略

"物业税"一词最早在我国被正式提出是在中国共产党十六届三中全会上通过的《中共中央关于完市场经济体制若干问题的决定》之中。该文件明确提出了:"实施城镇化建设税费改革,条件具备时对不动产开征统一规范的物业税,相应取消有关收费"。目前,世界上大多数成熟的市场经济国家都对房地产征收物业税,并以财产的持有作为课税前提、以财产的价值为计税依据,而在我国,物业税仍主要停留于理论层面,只在几个试点城市空转运行,关于物业税开征的利弊争论一直存在,是否开征物业税以及如何征收都是尚待解决的难题。     

中国社会保障发展水平指标体系与实证分析

社会保障发展水平的评价指标体系包括:社会保障对社会问题的覆盖程度、社会保障对社会成员的覆盖程度以及社会保障转移支付水平。本文从这三个指标出发对我国社会保障发展水平进行综合分析。研究发现,我国社会救助和社会福利对社会问题的覆盖程度还不高,城镇劳动者的社会保障制度参保水平较低,部分群体社会保障制度缺失,我国社会保障总体支出水平较低,城乡社会保障制度中二元社会保障转移支付特点明显。这使得我国社会保障发展水平还处于制度完善阶段。因此,扩大社会保障制度的覆盖人群应是未来社会保障制度建设的主要任务。     

Cost Savings from Check 21 Electronic Payment Legislation

Electronic payment legislation permitted an initially paper substitute digital image of a check, and later the electronic digital image of a check, to be processed and presented for payment on a same‐day basis. By shifting to electronic collection and presentment, Federal Reserve per item check processing costs fell by over 70%, reducing estimated overall U.S. payment system costs by $1.16 billion in 2010. Payment collection times and associated float fell dramatically for collecting banks and payees with consequent additional savings in firm working capital costs of perhaps $1.37 billion and indebted consumer benefits of $0.64 billion.