网络民主在转型期中国的异化和出路

网络民主是互联网技术发展的产物。它对拓宽利益表达渠道、整合民意、提高政治参与水平起到积极作用。中国的网络民主异化与中国社会转型的现实背景密切相关。网民参与心理非理性,参与主体、议题和制度等存在的问题,导致网络民主在发展中出现异化。结合中国社会转型期的特点,笔者认为可以从以下几点探寻出路:培养健康的网络政治文化和成熟的民主意识、政府公开权威信息推动网络议题多样化、加快国家信息化建设实现参与主体多元化,同时推动网络民主的制度化建设。     

On One Forgotten Cause of the Arab Spring: the Lack of Economic Freedom

Had the Arab Spring been widely interpreted as a revolution for ‘laissez faire’, it would certainly have stimulated more reflection on the central place of the entrepreneur in economic development, and the fundamental role of economic freedom to let this prosperity‐generating entrepreneurship flourish. The future of the Arab Spring depends on the capacity of the new democratically elected governments to implement measures to prevent crony capitalism, restore the rule of law and promote economic freedom in order to ensure general prosperity.     

Designing a Participatory Process for Stakeholder Involvement in a Societal Decision

For many societal decisions, governments and public bodies are beginning to involve stakeholders and the general public to a far greater extent than previously in the decision process. Stakeholder workshops, citizen juries, focus groups, electronic forums, web-polling and many other means of consultation are being used to draw citizens into the process of deciding between different options on the management of their communities. Politicians are drawn to such instruments because greater public involvement seems to achieve greater acceptance of the ultimate decision and, arguably in more objective terms, a better decision. Many academic studies have investigated participation and wider aspects of deliberative democracy and found that the politicians’ intuition is borne out in practice. However, while there have been many studies focused on specific instruments of participation, few have compared different ones. Moreover, there seems to be a dearth of advice on how to assemble a set of different instruments into a complete participatory decision making process. This paper offers a decision modelling framework which, firstly, provides a methodology which may be used to design participatory processes and, secondly, raises a number of questions which future comparative studies will need to address.     

Questioning the Relationship between Participation and Development: A case study of the Vale do Ribeira, Brazil

Through the analysis of two participatory forums active in the Vale do Ribeira (Brazil)—the Committee for the Management of Water Resources (CGRH) and the Consortium of Food Safety and Local Development (Consad)—this article discusses the argument that “well designed” institutions enable the inclusion of a broader spectrum of actors in political debates, as well as reduce the asymmetries between them thereby facilitating the negotiation and agreement of politically and economically viable projects that would help to encourage development in the region. The two forums were observed in terms of how they dealt with two polemical regional issues: the proposal to build a big dam, a process which has been going on for more than a decade and the definition of a program of sustainable development capable of reconciling environmental conservation and growth in the local economy. The analysis suggests that during the period of research, these forums recreated in the participatory sphere coalitions that were already present in the regional political scene, thereby acting as an extension of the party political game rather than as arenas where new arrangements of actors could agree on alternative projects. From a theoretical perspective, this result raises again the question of the origin and the change of institutions, in that it questions the mechanisms necessary for the creation of institutions explicitly designed to alter the status quo.     

再论东亚模式

论文依据辩证唯物史观,分析了“东亚模式”出现的历史背景,全面论述了模式的实质,评价了这个模式的功过,并着重探讨了由权威主义向现代民主过渡的条件与历史必然。     

安仁县农村基层民主建设调查与思考

基层民主是社会主义民主制度的基础部分。安仁县农村基层民主建设虽有较大发展,但诸多因素的制约,仍不可避免地存在一些问题。本文采取调查研究、对比分析等方法,阐述了基层民主在社会主义民主政治中的地位和作用,探讨了安仁县基层民主建设的现状和存在的问题,并对加强安仁县农村基层民主建设提出了一些思考和建议。     

对外经济政策的国内政治影响因素——国际政治经济学的视角

作为西方主流经济学的国际经济学,忽视了国内政治因素尤其是政治制度在对外经济政策中的重要作用。国际政治经济学作为一门新兴学科,将政治因素纳入了经济学的分析框架,从政治与经济相互结合的视角探讨影响对外经济政策的因素。在实行代议民主制的国家,作为政治制度主要行为体的利益集团和左右翼政党的政策偏好,以及不同的民主模式,对贸易政策、汇率政策和资本流动政策的选择都具有十分重要的影响。     

参与机制对党内民主建设的价值考量

党内民主作为一种民主形式,与广大党员积极参与是不可分割的。党的代表大会制度是党内民主的根本制度,其本质就是一种党内参与机制;完善党内选举制度的方式就是让广大党员行使参与权利;保障党员民主权利是党内民主的最终归宿,其实现途径就是党内参与机制;扩大党务公开透明是党内民主的表现形式,其目的就是通畅党内参与渠道;党内监督制度是党内民主的重要功能,其制约作用需要通过参与机制来发挥。     

“政治学的诺贝尔奖”与当代比较政治学的科学追求——亚当·卓沃尔斯基关于民主与发展的研究介绍

亚当·卓沃尔斯基在研究国家经济发展水平与民主转型之间的关系方面做出了杰出贡献,因而获得2010年度约翰·斯凯特政治科学奖。主要贡献表现为以下三方面：第一,就民主体制的生成问题,他的研究打破了在研究民主转型问题上的经济决定论的迷思,并验证了民主体制在生存问题上对经济发展水平的依赖性。第二,就政治体制对经济发展的影响问题,他的研究表明在大规模的跨国比较分析中,看不出不同的政治体制（民主的或非民主的）对经济发展有什么系统的影响。第三,从根本上改变了比较研究的分析思路,把比较政治学分析从过去着重于类别比较分析,提高到重视科学检验一般性理论陈述的境界,而且强调重视选择偏差机制对样本分布的影响,从而科学地分析表象后面深层的因果关系问题。     

党内民主60年的发展及经验启示

中国共产党一贯重视发展党内民主,建国60年来,发展党内民主成效斐然,突出表现在思想认识、制度建设、党员民主权利保障、以及党内民主理论创新等方面。这些宝贵的成果启示我们：今后一个时期,我们要继续稳步发展党内民主,必须加大解放思想力度;继续加快党内各项民主制度的程序化建设;必须更加注重培养党内民主文化。