A model of rational bias in self-assessments

Summary. A body of empirical work documents that most people believe they are above average in a variety of skills and abilities. This paper argues that such evidence does not necessarily imply that people process information in an irrational way. I build a model in which people can learn about their abilities at a cost of foregone production. Individuals in this model keep testing their abilities until their self-assessments become favorable enough, at which point they stop. This way, a disproportionately large share of the population ends up with a high opinion about their abilities.Received: 22 August 2001, Revised: 20 March 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: D81, D83, J22, J29.I would like to thank an anonymous referee, Herbert Dawid, Tom Gilligan, Eric Van den Steen, Ruqu Wang, and especially Patrick Francois for helpful comments and suggestions. I have also benefited from comments of seminar participants at Queen's University and from conversations with Frank Milne and Ivo Welch.     

企业知识资本参与分配的探讨

知识资本参与分配的前提是知识资本对企业价值的贡献,即知识资本贡献能力。知识资本参与分配的实现形式,一是将知识产权资本量化为产权,二是采取人力资本证券化的模式。知识资本贡献能力指标体系包括财务评价指标和非财务评价指标。     

加强分承包管理,提高企业经营能力

在市场经济体制下企业对分承包管理工作的内涵和外延都得到了丰富和扩展，分承包管理已成为企业经营活动的一项重要工作。分承包管理不仅包含生产过程的劳务分包和专业分包，还包括原材料、半成品和成品采购及代加工。结合建设工程劳务分包和专业分包的实际，深入探讨如何加强分承包管理，以提高企业经营能力和水平。     

纺织工业竞争能力评价指标体系的构建

在对纺织工业竞争能力评价方面已有成果的研究基础上,针对存在的不足,依据迈克尔·波特提出的有关产业竞争力的国家钻石模型,结合纺织工业的特性,从生产要素、需求条件、产业结构和企业效果四方面构建了能较为全面系统评价纺织工业竞争能力的指标体系,并对各级指标做了较为详细的解释。     

企业盈利能力综合衡量分析

会计信息不确定性的一个重要表现是针对同一个企业,根据不同的财务指标,有可能会得出不同的甚至是矛盾的财务分析结果,建立在这种不确定的分析结果上的企业之间的比较就更加不准确了。本文以企业盈利能力的评判为例,通过引入模糊数学的方法,将相对独立的财务指标有机的结合在一起,生成一个综合的企业盈利能力指数,解决了不同指标之间的相对独立性问题。     

基于模糊综合评判法的产品竞争力分析

模糊综合评判是对多种属性的事物,或者说其总体优劣受多种因素影响的事物,作出一个能合理地综合这些属性或因素的总体评判。文章采用模糊综合评判的方法对产品竞争力进行评价,得到产品竞争力评价值,为企业产品改善方向提供理论依据。     

股权分置改革对上市公司价值创造能力影响的实证分析

股权分置造成了流通股股东和非流通股股东之间的利益冲突,股权分置改革在制度层面上消除了这种利益冲突的根源,有利于企业创值能力的提高。本文采用EVA作为创值能力的度量指标,以2006年第一季度实施股改的上市公司为研究样本,分析了股权分置改革对企业价值创造能力的影响,研究结果表明,股权分置改革能显著提高企业的创值能力。     

解开集群概念的困惑--谈谈我国区域的集群发展问题

“集群”(cluster)概念已经成为我国区域经济和科技发展的新思维和政策工具。我国媒体中频繁出现“集群”,随之也出现了概念的混乱。本文从集群的有关概念出发,分别从产业集群、创新集群和集群创新战略等方面辨析集群经济、集群科技的发展和规划中的若干问题。本文认为,严格定义的产业集群就是创新性的集群或创新集群。区域科技发展中的集群创新战略, 应该理解为基于集群的科技创新战略。产业集群或创新集群不是万能药方,更不能被炒作和遍地开花。有关集群的政策和规划需要谨慎,否则后果不堪设想。     

Policy consequences of limited cognitive ability

This paper analyses the welfare effects of price restrictions on private contracting in a world where agents have a limited cognitive ability. We deal with that by assuming that people compute the costs and benefits of entering a transaction with an error. We first discuss an example of an auction that will attract the least efficient buyers, because these are those who have made the largest mistake. We then study the case for government intervention when the government knows the distribution of true costs and benefits as well as that of errors. By imposing constraints on transaction prices, the government eliminates some that are on average inefficient - because the price signals that one of the parties has typically grossly overestimated its benefit from participation. This policy may increase aggregate welfare even though some of the transactions being blocked are actually efficient.JEL Classification: D81, J38, K31Gilles Saint-Paul: This paper is based on my Spanish Economic Review lecture at the Spanish Economic Association meeting, Salamanca, December 2002. I am grateful to the organizers for inviting me, and to participants and especially Juan Dolado for their useful comments.     

基于能力和环境平衡的企业战略决策模型研究

从战略、环境和能力的三角关系入手,分析了能力和环境平衡的原理,研究了环境的变化和能力的塑造,详细阐述了发现能力和环境失衡动因的方法,为企业战略管理者提供战略分析的新框架。