武陵山片区企业经营环境与发展战略研究——以湘西州为例

改善企业经营环境,进行恰当的战略选择,已成为武陵山片区促进企业稳步发展,带动经济增长的关键问题。课题组通过对武陵山片区的湘西州企业发展的现状进行调查,立足于企业发展的内外部经营环境的分析,运用战略地位和行动评估矩阵SPACE分析法对湘西州企业发展的基本战略进行定位。     

我国民营科技企业的现状和发展政策建议

本文从制定政策思路的角度,分析民营科技企业发展现状,并系统地提出对策性建议。主要包括：民营科技企业发展的具体特点,发展中存在的问题;新的发展阶段对民营科技企业提供的机遇,政府及民营科技企业自身应当采取的若干对策。     

瑞士争取国际组织职员职位和培养国际职员的主要做法

为向国际组织输送所需人才,瑞士联邦政府推出了一个针对性很强的“国际组织青年职员培训计划”。外交部接受有志成为国际职员的大学生和毕业生提出的申请,并通过网站提供国际组织以及如何到国际组织去工作的相关信息。政府还广辟渠道,除定期在自己的网站上并利用欧洲就业服务网介绍联合国机构以及其他国际组织机构岗位空缺情况,每还举办一次计算机等级考试,为联合国P2岗位、日本IO岗位和国际银行选拔所需人才。瑞士选拔和培养国际职员的经验值得我国借鉴。     

Individual attitudes towards the impact of multinational corporations on local businesses: how important are individual characteristics and country-level traits?

We study the importance of individual characteristics and national factors influencing individual attitudes towards the impact of multinational corporations on local businesses. Our sample includes more than 40 000 respondents in 29 countries from the 2003 National Identity Survey conducted by the International Social Survey Programme. We find that individual demographic factors and socioeconomic status, such as gender, age, income and education, are strong predictors of their attitudes. For example, income and education are positively associated with favourable attitudes towards the impact of multinational corporations (MNCs) on local businesses while age is negatively associated with individual attitudes towards MNCs. In addition, hierarchical ordered logit model results show that approximately 8% of total variations in individual attitudes around our sample mean are not explained by differences in personal traits. Instead, they are due to country-level heterogeneity such as, but not limited to, different degrees of openness or different aggregate income.     

When Overlapping Organisations Play Two-Level Games: IMF–EU Interaction in Credit Lending to Latvia and Greece

In the literature, the cooperation of the IMF and the EU in credit lending has been discussed either from a state-centric, bureaucratic or institutionalist perspective. In this article, we examine the Troika as a set-up of multiple organisational overlap providing bureaucratic agents with constraints and opportunities for strategic action. Taking Latvia and Greece as cases in point, we analyse who prevails in a situation of conflict and why. How do these international organisations manage to overcome their differences and reach consensus? Drawing on the Two-Level game approach, we argue that negotiators are more likely to prevail over each other when their respective win-set decreases. We find that different strategies to manipulate win-sets are decisive to explain both cooperation and assertiveness. Changing costs of no agreement during a lending programme as well as the institutional procedures for programme ratification facilitate the use of these strategies.     

开放条件下国际资产定价模型的解析与检验

随着经济全球化的不断深入，国际资本市场的一体化程度也在不断加强，敌对国际资产定价问题的探讨显得颇为重要。尤其对开放条件下的国际资产定价理论与实证研究进行系统的梳理与分类，并对该领域现有研究中存在的问题提出未来研究的方向，更有学术价值。     

International Cooperation Behind the Veil of Uncertainty – The Case of Transboundary Acidification

The complexities of international environmental problems are only poorly understood. Hence, decision makers have to negotiate about abatement measures even though they do not know the 'true' model of the ecological system and have only a rough idea about the costs and benefits of their action. It will be analysed to what extent this kind of 'model uncertainty' – where players do not only have incomplete information about the payoff functions of the other players, but also about their own payoff function – affects the prospects of international cooperation. Using a simple game-theoretic model, it is shown how countries can use the veil of uncertainty to hide their distributional interests. The arguments are based on a deviation from the common prior assumption, which seems particularly questionable in a setting comprising various countries with different cultural and scientific backgrounds. Finally the model will prove useful to quantitatively and qualitatively illustrate the central role of model uncertainty in the negotiations of the first Sulphur Protocol signed to combat transboundary acidification.     

Public-Choice Analysis of a New International Organization: The International Sea-Bed Authority

The usefulness of the public-choice approach for a better understanding of international organizations can be demonstrated by applying it to the analysis of the structure and functions of a new international organization, the International Sea-Bed Authority, established in 1994, after two decades of negotiations under the auspices of the United Nations, with the aim to control the oceans' mineral resources beyond the limits of national jurisdictions (which have been proclaimed by the U.N. Assembly common heritage of mankind). First, the reasons for establishing this organization, whose basis is the common heritage of mankind nature of ocean resources, are examined under two aspects: 1) definition and protection of property rights; 2) environmental control of sea-bed mining activities. Secondly, the organization's decisionmaking system is presented, including such features as the assembly, council with chamber voting, finance committee with decision by consensus, features that balance the voting power of members and protect those countries that bear the financial responsibility for the budget. Finally, some comments are offered about more general aspects of the theory of international organizations: the bureaucracy (and diplomacy) of these organizations as well as the interdependence among international organizations, which opens the way to forms of international logrolling and makes it advisable for countries not to exit from these organizations, even when they have no primary interest in them.     

Competition Policy Convergence: Where Next?

As the 20th Century dawned, there were radical divergences in the policies individual nations pursued toward restraints of competition by cartels and monopolies. Since World War II there has been considerable convergence; many nations have adopted explicit pro-competition policies. This paper traces the reasons for the divergence and then convergence and asks what important steps remain to be taken, especially where the concerns of international trade policy and competition policy intersect. A proposed augmentation of the World Trade Organization's functions to deal with competition policy issues is examined.