Sustainable tourism: development,decline and de-growth. Management issues from the Isle of Man

The concept of sustainable tourism emerged as a reaction to the impacts of tourism development. This paper shows the relevance of sustainable tourism to tourism decline and the rising interest in de-growth. Mixed-methods research in the Isle of Man, UK, was carried out by analysing 355 postal questionnaires sent to randomly selected island households, and conducting 32 in-depth personal interviews. The research revealed a series of negative environmental and social consequences of tourism decline in a small island. Such consequences are found to occur despite successful local diversification into other industries, notably offshore finance. Consequences of decline are revealed as tangible, e.g. facilities closure, and as less tangible, e.g. a sense of rejection by off-islanders, and have led to an increasing sense amongst residents of isolation and loss of local attractiveness. Results suggest tourism decline, de-growth and economic replacement require sustainable management in order to facilitate change. Measures such as urban and rural landscape protection, may reduce adverse effects of decline. A re-assessment of the application of the principles of sustainable tourism in the context of decline, rather than development, is needed.     

Impacts of the Global Economic Crisis on Cyprus Tourism and Policy Responses

This study examines the impacts of the global economic crisis on Cyprus tourism and the pertinent policy responses. A qualitative approach was adopted by conducting eight semi‐structured interviews with tourism authorities and suppliers/professionals. Findings indicated the main impacts of the crisis on Cypriot tourism: lack of competitiveness, decreased visitation/revenues, inadequate quality and escalated pricing. Furthermore, findings identify three types of policy measures: (i) immediate response measures; (ii) foreign investment in tourism; and (iii) diversification of the tourism product and quality improvement. The study highlights the need for Cyprus to develop a comprehensive tourism planning framework. It is suggested that crisis plans of small island states should be developed upon a holistic framework that leverages their destination capitals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

国际旅游岛视角下旅游电子商务的前瞻性预测分析及解决方案

国际旅游岛建设的进程中,开放的政策会有机会让更多的国外旅行社参与竞争,按国际惯例,先进的"电子商务"手段是国外旅行社占领其他国家旅游市场份额最常用、最有效的手段,旅游电子商务行业已经成为了全球的投资热点。     

Developing a Territory Balanced Scorecard approach to manage projects for local development: Two case studies

This paper applies Kaplan and Norton's Balanced Scorecard theory to propose a tool to compare twin local development projects implemented under international cooperation schemes. This tool, called the Territory Balanced Scorecard (TBSc), allows the competitive potential of the territorial system to be measured by means of a rating. Consequently, using the TBSc, it is possible to interpret the characteristics of the supply territory and, by an ad-hoc approach, plan the required increase in headquarters functions and the competences linked thereto. This paper follows a rationale grounded on the territorial setting and offers a methodological decision support tool that enhances the ability of decision makers acting at Local Authority level. A feature of the TBSc model is the fact that, although it is designed for the public sector (mission-oriented), it does enable us to obtain profit-driven indicators that are designed to highlight the economic and territorial strategic ancillary benefits in terms of competitiveness. The TBSc can be considered a valuable strategic tool in management and local development systems and the result also implicitly contains the plan for creating a potential network (in this case among islands in the Mediterranean) in order to delineate a set of principles and analytical and programming devices that would assist in reshaping local economic systems.     

我国海岛地区可持续发展与产业选择研究

海岛地区可持续发展具有重要意义。论文基于海岛地理位置相对独立、生态环境基础相对脆弱的特征及其在国防安全中的地位,提出海岛地区可持续发展目标包括国防安全、生态良好、经济发展与社会稳定四个方面,其产业选择应遵循低水耗、低能耗、低物流、低破坏、高效益的基本原则;进一步结合海岛地区资源禀赋,筛选出适合海岛地区发展的海洋资源型产业、海洋服务型产业与新能源产业;最后,对山东长岛县的产业选择进行了案例分析。     

基于新型城乡关系的崇明生态岛发展模式研究

区域发展模式的选择深受城乡关系及其理论的影响。崇明岛作为一个特殊的地域空间单元,其经济发展模式对传统城乡关系及其理论创新提出了迫切需求。文章基于低碳经济时代下城乡关系的变化与发展趋势,阐明崇明岛相对于上海市区的独特区域功能,辨析了两者之间的区域关系本质,提出了区域功能耦合一体化基础上的崇明＂高端跨越＂的生态岛发展模式。     

海岛型城市开发利用非常水源存在的问题与对策——以舟山市为例

随着我国进入城镇化的快速推进阶段,淡水资源缺乏已成为制约国民经济和社会发展的一大问题,特别是在海岛型城市,开发利用非常规水源势在必行。以海岛型城市舟山市为例,在调研舟山市非常规水源开发利用现状的基础上,分析舟山市再生水、海水利用的管理经验,总结舟山市开发利用非常规水源的有效做法,指出舟山市非常规水源开发利用中存在的问题,并从规划与管理、法制标准、融资渠道、优惠政策、技术研发与示范、市场化运行机制、宣传等方面提出了进一步加强非常规水源开发利用的措施及建议。     

海南国际旅游岛建设前后旅游发展质量评价研究

海南国际旅游岛建设已经过去5年,对政策实施前后旅游发展质量进行比较评价,查优补劣总结经验恰逢其时。综合考虑旅游发展主要影响因子,建立了经济发展水平、居民福利水平、基础服务设施能力、发展效益4个一级指标,包含16个二级指标的海南旅游发展质量评价指标体系。研究结果表明:2004年、2009年和2014年海南省旅游发展质量分别为0.342 9、0.505 3和0.758 2,政策实施后旅游发展质量大幅提升,发展质量为政策实施前的1.56倍。在一级指标中经济发展水平和居民福利水平增长最快,发展质量分别为政策实施前的1.72倍和2.27倍;政策实施后基础服务设施建设扩张速度放缓,旅游发展效率逐年下降的趋势得以扭转,旅游发展质量显著提升。从单项发展指标来看,仍存在旅游收入占GDP的比重不高,经济增长主要依赖于投资拉动,旅游酒店特别是高星级酒店建设过剩,酒店入住率不高;国际游客数量和比例偏低、国际吸引力不足等问题,距离知名国际旅游岛的发展水平仍有较大的距离。     

海南国际旅游岛发展电子商务的对策研究

海南建设国际旅游岛已上升为国家战略,在此背景下海南旅游产业的发展面临的不是规整,而是转型发展,由数量型向效益型进行转变。为了使海南旅游产业更具有市场竞争力,发展电子商务必将是一个重要的途径。文章分析了海南电子商务发展的现状,并指出海南目前电子商务发展中存在的问题,提出了海南国际旅游岛发展电子商务的对策。     

基于SERVQUAL模型的旅游景区服务质量问题研究

［目的］旅游景区作为旅游业的核心竞争力,其服务质量的优劣直接影响着当地经济的发展。文章以鼓浪屿为例,把SERVQUAL量表用于旅游景区服务质量的研究,使各旅游景区和政府管理部门能够更确切了解景区的发展状况和景区服务质量差距,制定旅游景区服务质量优化提升方案,为我国旅游景区更快更好走向国际化服务。［方法］综合运用旅游学、数理统计学、经济学以及系统工程学的有关理论和方法,进行因子分析、信度效度分析等,发现SERVQUAL量表不但具有可行性和可操作性,而且具有可信性和可靠性。［结果］鼓浪屿服务质量存在很大的服务质量差距,通过分析研究提出政策建议：优化硬件设施和服务质量; 提升旅游体验氛围; 打造品牌与口碑; 完善监管机制等。［结论］通过鼓浪屿景区服务差距案例分析,为福建省乃至全国的旅游景区服务质量研究提供理论基础和方法选择。