重复中实现高职物流教学革新

文中首先针对教师劳动的重复性含义进行了深刻辨析,之后对教师劳动从重复到创新的转化进行了解剖,最后从日常的教学实践出发列举了常用的教师劳动创新策略,具有较强的现实指导意义。     

LOCAL LABOR MARKETS AND NATURAL RESOURCES: A SYNTHESIS OF THE LITERATURE

A primary way that natural resources affect a locality is through the demand for labor, with greater extraction requiring more workers. Shifts in labor demand can be measured through changes in employment and earnings, the main labor market outcomes, or through changes in the population and income, more generally. These changes may spillover into the nonresource economy, leading to greater overall effects or possibly crowd out; be spread unequally across the population, thereby altering the distribution of income and the poverty rate; or influence educational attainment, as people choose between additional schooling and work. In this review, the literature linking natural resources to local labor markets is synthesized by organizing existing studies according to their resource measurement and the outcomes that they consider. This synthesis provides an accessible guide to a literature that has boomed in recent years. It also identifies promising avenues for future research and lays a foundation to further generalize the evidence through an eventual meta‐analysis.     

Are Lone Mothers Responsive to Policy Changes? Evidence from a Workfare Reform in a Generous Welfare State*

There is a heated debate in many developed countries about how to design a welfare system that moves lone mothers off welfare and into work. We analyze the consequences of a major Norwegian workfare reform of the generous welfare system for lone mothers. The reform imposed work requirements and time limits on welfare receipt, while raising in‐work benefits. Our difference‐in‐differences estimates show that the reform was successful in improving labor‐market participation and in increasing the earnings of lone mothers. However, the reform was associated with income loss and increased poverty among a sizeable subgroup of lone mothers, who were unable to offset the loss of out‐of‐work benefits with gains in earnings.     

中国城乡二元经济结构转化的影响因素分解：1981-2009年

本文在理论层面对“刘易斯-费景汉-拉尼斯模型”进行了拓展,指出二元经济结构集中表现为城乡居民存在收入差距,这种差距与城乡两部门的劳动力-人口的转化、经济产出-居民收入的转化以及劳动力-经济产出的转化紧密相关。二元经济结构可被分解为四种因素：收入产出比差距、资本产出比差距、资本劳动比差距和劳动参与率差距。基于这种因素分解法,实证分析得出：1981-2009年,在我国的二元经济结构中,收入产出比差距、资本产出比差距、资本劳动比差距和劳动参与率差距的年均贡献度分别为-6876%,-1373%,16435%和1814%,而劳动生产率差距的年均贡献度为15062%。我国二元经济结构转化的主要影响因素是劳动生产率差距（尤其是资本劳动比差距）和劳动参与率差距,这源于农村劳动力非农化流转伴随着农村资本形成相对迟缓以及农村人口迁移相对滞后。基于这些结论可以给出新时期我国推进二元经济结构转化的若干政策建议。     

Intensive Coaching of New Immigrants: An Evaluation Based on Random Program Assignment*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether intensive counseling and coaching by Public Employment Service (PES) caseworkers improves the employment opportunities of new immigrants in Sweden. This is tested within the framework of introduction programs for new immigrants. A trial introduction program was implemented from October 2006 to June 2008. Within participating municipalities, new immigrants were randomly assigned into treatment (intensive coaching) or control (regular introduction programs). The results indicate that there are significant treatment effects on employment probabilities as well as on participation in intermediate PES training programs.     

All for one and one for all: A mechanism through which broad‐based employee stock ownership and employee‐perceived involvement practice create a productive workforce

Drawing on social identity theory, this research frames a multimediational model that delineates how broad‐based employee stock ownership (BESO) and employee‐perceived involvement practice in tandem yield a productive workforce at the organization level. In our theoretical model, we propose that social cohesion and voluntary turnover are collective attitudinal and behavioral outcomes resulting from the shared perception of we‐ness that employees experience through both participatory practices. Our path analysis of a multisource, time‐lagged dataset from 176 large U.S. companies revealed the sequential mediating roles of social cohesion and voluntary turnover between these organizational practices and labor productivity. Our theoretical claims and empirical evidence will contribute to a systematic understanding of how and why BESO and employee involvement leverage greater organizational productivity from employees.     

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES: A META‐ANALYSIS

This paper provides a meta‐analysis of microeconometric evaluation studies on the effectiveness of active labor market policies. The analysis is built upon a systematically assembled data set of causal impact estimates from 57 experimental and quasi‐experimental studies, providing 654 estimates published between January 1990 and December 2017. We distinguish between the short and longer term impacts in our analysis; at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after program start. After correcting for publication bias and country‐specific macroeconomic characteristics, subsidized labor and public employment programs have negative short‐term impacts, which gradually turn positive in the longer run. Schemes with enhanced services including job‐search assistance and training programs do not have these negative short‐term effects, and stay positive from 6 until 36 months after program start.     

一种基于劳动生产率的就业人口预测方法——以深圳为例

基于劳动生产率视角,构建一个既综合微观层面各产业劳动生产率变化发展态势,也涵盖宏观层面城市及全国未来经济增长速度等多因素的弹性体系,以此探究产值、劳动生产率和就业人口规模等变量之间灰色联系,从而实现对动态的城市就业人口规模进行预测的目的;界定适用此方法进行就业人口规模预测的一般城市特征,并应用此方法对深圳市2013-2020年就业人口规模进行预测,据此提出相关政策建议。     

山区农村劳动力转移对农地退耕的影响以武陵山区为例

[目的]农地退耕是土地利用变化的重要组成部分,明晰农地退耕的影响因素可以为山区生态恢复提供新的路径。[方法]文章基于武陵山区180份农户调查数据,采用多元线性回归模型分析影响山区农地退耕的因素,重点分析山区农村劳动力转移对农地退耕的影响。[结果](1)研究区劳动力转移现象明显,85%的农户家庭存在不同程度的劳动力转移,劳动力转移比例达到51.61%,户均转移劳动力数量占家庭总人口的29.90%;(2)研究区农户退耕较为普遍,退耕农户占样本农户的55%,户均退耕面积0.31hm2;(3)非农收入和农业劳动力比例对农户的退耕面积产生了显著的正向影响,同时家庭女性劳动力数量、家庭总人数、承包地面积、种植耕地的总块数、两个地区哑变量——万木乡和丁市镇也显著影响了农户的退耕地面积。[结论]山区农村劳动力转移带来的非农收入增加促进了农户的农地退耕,但是劳动力转移带来的农业劳动力供给减少又降低了农户的退耕地面积,最终两者的作用相互抵消,使得农村劳动力转移对农户的退耕地面积产生了不可确定的影响。     

服务业劳动生产率的地区差异及其收敛性

劳动生产率是衡量服务业增长质量和发展水平的重要指标。本文使用省级面板数据分析了1978～2006年我国服务业劳动生产率的地区差异现状,并采用面板数据单位根检验方法考察了其收敛性。研究结果表明:(1)我国服务业劳动生产率呈稳定上升趋势,东部地区的服务业劳动生产率水平显著高于中西部地区,中部和西部地区则基本无差异,且东部与中西部地区服务业劳动生产率的地区差距有不断扩大的趋势;(2)在分别考虑了截距项、时间趋势、时间特殊效应、省份特殊效应、省份时间效应与序列相关等因素的影响后,我国各省服务业劳动生产率的地区差异以及东中西部地区内部服务业劳动生产率均存在条件性β收敛。