Same Work,Different Pay? Evidence from a US Public University

Abstract

This study examines detailed data for faculty at a typical public research university in the United States between 1995 and 2004 to explore whether gender wage differentials can be explained by productivity differences. The level of detail – including the number of courses taught, enrollment, grant dollars, and number and impact of publications – largely eliminates the problem of unmeasured productivity, and the restriction to one firm eliminates unmeasured work conditions that confound investigations of wider labor markets. The authors find that direct productivity measures reduce the gender wage penalty to about 3 percent, only 1 percentage point lower than estimates from national studies of many institutions and with fewer productivity controls. The wage structure for women faculty differs markedly from the wage structure for men. Interpreted against the institutional features of wage setting for this population, the paper concludes that penalties for women arise at the department level.     

The Natural Roots of Capitalism and Its Virtues and Values

When we think of theories that attempt to root capitalism in nature, the one that comes most readily to mind is Social Darwinism. In this theory, nature – driven by Darwinian natural selection (the struggle for existence and the survival of the fittest) – is interpreted to imply, when applied to human activities, that extreme competition will allow the most "fit" competitors to rise to the top and to survive in this "struggle for existence," and this process of dog-eat-dog competition leads to both material and social progress. Not only has this theory been shown to be seriously flawed, the putative social implications of Darwinian natural selection do not accord with the findings of contemporary neoDarwinists who maintain, for example, that the behavior of monkeys and apes reveals a blend of competition and cooperation and, generally, a close connection to human moral behavior.Adam Smith provides a more helpful view of the connection between nature and capitalism. He maintains that nature's wisdom, as seen in its harmony and balance, is displayed in economics and human nature. Competitive free enterprise, as a vehicle for exchange, functions within a cooperative context and exhibits virtues and values such as mutual help and benefit, trust, harmony, and friendship. I shall show that neoDarwinists agree with Smith's view that nature supports a connection between competition and cooperation, and they maintain that moral activity, rather than destructive dog-eat-dog competition, is necessary to achieve the goals of natural selection.     

建筑施工劳务分包机制研究

现阶段与施工劳务相关的问题如施工质量、安全、劳务权益保护等还普遍存在，施工劳务需要得到有效地管理和规范。施工劳务分包是组织施工劳务的主要方式。在确定施工劳务分包机制时必须考虑两个核心问题即施工劳务组织和施工劳务交易。施工劳务组织应该禁止采用零散用工的方式，施工企业直接雇佣的所有劳务应该由施工企业负责管理并对他们的作业承担直接责任。成建制的劳务企业和施工企业之间的交易应该在有形劳务分包市场上进行，具体交易形式应该以交易合同备案制为主。     

加强分承包管理,提高企业经营能力

在市场经济体制下企业对分承包管理工作的内涵和外延都得到了丰富和扩展，分承包管理已成为企业经营活动的一项重要工作。分承包管理不仅包含生产过程的劳务分包和专业分包，还包括原材料、半成品和成品采购及代加工。结合建设工程劳务分包和专业分包的实际，深入探讨如何加强分承包管理，以提高企业经营能力和水平。     

经济低梯度区居民住房福利受损原因及保障机制

资本与劳动力要素之间在流动性方面的差异使得经济低梯度地区居民的住房福利受到了很大损失,因此,对外来投资性需求资本进行限制存在着一定的合理性.但是,在具体实现机制上应当对外来资本区别对待,并对本地居民构成的合理内涵加以科学的界定,同时,税收较其他手段而言,在限制外来投资性需求影响和保障本地居民住房福利方面更能够起到积极的作用.     

Unit determination: National Labor Relations Board rule making in the health care industry

This article reviews the events leading up to the National Labor Relations Board's (NLRB) historic decision to engage in substantive rule making over appropriate bargaining units in the health care industry. It describes the rule-making process and outcomes, and the reaction of hospital unions and management to the rules. Finally, the potential for the use of rule making for other issues facing the NLRB is analyzed. This analysis uses a cost/benefit framework from the agency's perspective to predict the likelihood of future rule making. The article concludes that rule making is sufficiently costly to make extensive use in other situations unlikely.The order of the author's names was determined randomly and should not be interpreted as implying an unequal contribution.     

The challenge of responsibilities: Confronting the revolution in workplace rights in modern organizations

The contemporary world of work is experiencing a revolution in workplace rights thinking and practices. Included among factors related to this are professionalization and technocracy, management orthodoxy, corrupt organizational structures, the moral ineptitude of business education, the increasing size of the working population, worker mobility, worker diversity and the variegated cultural milieu, the growth of highly paid and very powerful workers, favorable solons, and supportive justices. Demands for protection and respect of rights are expressed in a variety of ways ranging from the statutory or economic to the ethical or psychological. Because of the correlative link between rights and responsibilities, organizational researchers and practitioners should be concerned with identifying various responsibilities implied by various employer and employee rights. Of equal importance is the challenge of examining in detail these responsibilities and how the strategies suggested by them can be used to manage specific employee rights in the contemporary workplace.     

Considering grievance mediation

This article uses a public sector case study and a review of the social science literature on disputing processes to question assumptions made by labor relations advocates of grievance mediation. The author argues that labor policy on alternative grievance resolution processes cannot be adequately made without consideration of the specific labor-management relationship within its social context. A model is proposed to assist parties considering grievance mediation by making the social context more explicit.     

外商直接投资对我国劳动生产率影响的分析

近年来,我国利用外商直接投资的步伐不断加快,外商直接投资对我国经济发展的作用越来越明显。本文通过建立计量经济学模型,定量地分析了外商直接投资对我国劳动生产率增长的贡献。     

二元社会结构中的工资决定模型与人口流动 --当前"民工荒"现象分析

近年来,国内各地区不断出现的"民工荒"现象已经凸现出中国劳动力市场所存在的深层次矛盾问题.基于此,文章在刘易斯-拉尼斯-费模型的基础上,通过对当前中国二元社会结构下工资决定过程的理论探讨,得到关于劳动力在二元结构中的流动条件、均衡条件等理论结果.