从资源、环境、风险透析负价值范畴

从资源环境等损失的实证研究可看出,负价值是个客观存在,是正价值的负值。负价值主要是由“有用劳动”的缺陷性、局限性和某些破坏性形成的。正负价值的产生并非取决于劳动的量,而是取决于劳动的质,体现效用与费用的统一,在发达市场经济下是同科技主导作用和正负效应制衡机制以及可持续发展规律相关。负价值的研究有利于立体地深化劳动价值论,有利于解决一系列经济质量、安全、节约和生态问题。     

全球化背景下中国区域分工与合作问题探讨

进入21世纪后，世界经济全球化的进程将明显加速，世界经济联系更加密切，竞争更加激烈，交流更加频繁，世界产业结构调整和转移的进程加快。加入WTO之后，中国经济与世界的融合愈发紧密，经济全球化对中国国际分工与区域分工格局的冲击也越来越明显，中国未来区域分工合作的趋势将发生新的变化。在新的国际国内背景下，也就要求采取相应的政策措施来促进中国区域分工与合作的进一步发展。     

Inflation-unemployment tradeoff and regional labor market data

We estimate a linear and a piecewise linear Phillips curve model with regional labor market data for West German and Neue L?nder. Employing regional observations allows us to country difference the data. This eliminates, under the assumption of homogeneous L?nder, supply shocks and changes in the formation of expectations as possible identification failures. With seemingly unrelated regressions we find a flat Phillips curve in the Neue L?nder. For the West German L?nder a piecewise linear model with a higher inflation-unemployment tradeoff for the regime of low unemployment rates fits the data very well. The results hold true if we control for endogeneity of the unemployment rate. With a kinked but upward sloping aggregate supply curve there seems to be room for stabilization policies, at least in the range of aggregate demand shifts that our data covers. First version received: December 2000/Final version accepted: Jan. 2002 RID="*" ID="*"  An earlier version of this paper was written while the second author was at Universidad Carlos III in Madrid. He thanks Juan Dolado and is grateful for financial support by the TMR Program on New Approaches for the Study of Economic Fluctuations. He would also like to thank Bertrand Koebel for his critique on that earlier version. Both authors are grateful to an editor and three anonymous referees for very helpful comments. Moreover, we wish to thank participants of the seminar on Quantitative Wirtschaftsforschung by Jürgen Wolters and Peter Kuhbier, Freie Universit?t Berlin. Finally we profited from discussions with participants at the conferences of the European Economic Association in Lausanne and the Verein für Socialpolitik in Magdeburg where the paper was presented. Of course, all errors are to our sole responsibility.     

Factor substitution and labor market friction in the United States: 1948–2010

We re-estimate the capital-labor elasticity of substitution and the biased factor-augmenting technological progress using a system approach for the aggregate U.S. economy from 1948 to 2010. Due to (i) the significant impacts of labor market dynamics on economic growth and (ii) the fundamental tension between the short-run data that are available and the long-run parameter that is required in the estimation process, we incorporate labor market friction into a supply-side system to re-estimate these important growth parameters and to explore their sensitivity to the incorporation of labor market friction. Our estimation obtains a significantly smaller-than-unity elasticity of substitution. This result is consistent with labor input measured along the extensive and intensive margin, and in both competitive and imperfect labor markets. Technological progress tends to be purely labor-augmenting, with the average growth rate around 2% per year. These findings are robust to alternatively constructed data sets and different estimation strategies.     

Existence and specific characters of rentiers: a savers-spenders theory approach

Summary. Using the savers-spenders theory developed by Mankiw (2000, AER), we propose microfoundations to the existence of rentiers in macroeconomic growth models. From an OLG model which acknowledges the great heterogeneity of consumer behavior apparent in the data, we capture the dynamic considerations of potential rentiers as a natural consequence of intertemporal utility maximization and we analyze realistic characteristics (proportion, wealth, propensity to save) of rentiers.JEL Classification Numbers: E13, D64, J22.This paper is adapted from the fourth chapter of my Ph.D Thesis. Then, I thank Alain VENDITTI, my Ph.D Supervisor and Antoine dAUTUME and Pierre PESTIEAU my Ph.D Referees. Earlier version of this paper were presented at the International conference: New perspectives on (un)stability: the role of heterogeneity at Marseille, June 7-9, 2001 and at the X-th Spring School of the Associated European Laboratory (CNRS-FNRS/CORE-GREC-GREQAM) at Aix, 2001. I thank conference participants, in particular Olivier CHARLOT, Christian GHIGLINO, Kiminori MATSUYAMA and Philippe MICHEL for suggestions, helpful comments and discussions. I also thank a referee of this journal for his constructive comments.     

Work Incentives and Labor Supply Effects of the ‘Mini-Jobs Reform’ in Germany

We analyze the work incentives and labor supply effects of the so-called mini-jobs reform (subsidies of social security contributions to people with low-earnings jobs) introduced in Germany in April 2003. The analysis is based on a structural labor supply model embedded in a detailed tax-benefit microsimulation model for which we use the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Our simulation results show that the likely employment effects of the mini-jobs reform will be small. The small positive participation effect is outweighed by a negative hours effect among already employed workers. The fiscal effects of the reform are also likely to be negative. We conclude that the analyzed mini-jobs reform is not an effective policy to increase employment of people with low earnings capacity.*We thank the German Science Foundation (DFG) for financial support under the research program Flexibilisierungspotenziale bei heterogenen Arbeitsmärkten (project STE 681/5-1).     

速度层次交流理论及其在农村剩余劳动力转移中的应用

农村剩余劳动力转移问题能否合理解决 ,不仅直接影响到中国农民收入、农民生活条件和实现农业现代化的进程 ,而且也关系到非农产业乃至整个国民经济的协调发展。在本文中作者提出了速度层次交流理论 ,并从该理论出发提出解决中国农村剩余劳动力的相关政策建议及措施。     

On the Trade-off Between Work-related Training and Labor Mobility: The Role of Firing and Exit Costs

Within an incomplete-contract framework, we examine the consequences of contract renegotiation for contract design/enforcement and training market efficiency. Specifically, we show how the imposition of either firing costs or exit costs can bind together employers and employees in longer-lasting employment relationships that allow both agents to amortize their training investments. Nevertheless, the model implies that, although firing and exit costs provide institutional solutions to the training under-investment problem, this is achieved at the expense of allocative efficiency (efficient separations). Empirical evidence supports the existence of such a trade-off.revised version received July 23, 2003     

分工演进对贸易政策的影响分析——基于交易成本的考虑

贸易政策同贸易理论是紧密联系在一起的.引入交易成本来分析分工演进对贸易政策的影响,不考虑交易成本条件下,贸易自由对于分工演进的国家是有利的;考虑交易成本条件下,随着分工演进,国家之间更加倾向于贸易谈判,最终结果为贸易自由化.但是由于各国交易效率不同,交易效率高的国家在贸易中获得的利益更多,而交易效率低的就会实行更多贸易保护.因此,我国需要降低交易成本,加强分工演进的速度,处理好国际之间的贸易摩擦.     

聚集效应、劳动力市场分割与城市增长机制的重构--转轨时期我国农村劳动力转移的一个新古典模型的拓展

文章从经济中的劳动力市场存在着异质性、部门经济增长存在着聚集效应以及农村劳动力收入分配服从平均主义原则的假设出发,构建了一个解释二元经济城市增长机制的拓展的新古典一般均衡模型,并据此对我国现阶段城市化进程的基本规律及未来的演变进行了深入分析。文章认为,我国城市化过程的基本表现形式是农村劳动力向城市的转移,而这种转移将在城市正规部门与非正规部门两个不同的层次上同时进行。在一段时期内,城市正规部门的发展将决定农村中高素质劳动力的转移速度,而城市非正规部门的发展则决定了农村中低素质劳动力的转移速度。但从长期看,城市化进程的速度将取决于城市正规部门和非正规部门中具有聚集效应的那一部分经济的发展速度,而且更有意义的是,具有聚集效应的城市非正规部门的发展还将在极大程度上影响我国农村高素质劳动力向城市的转移和我国城市化层次的提高。