Job Creation and Job Destruction in a Regulated Labor Market: The Case of Austria

We study Austrian job reallocation in the period of 1978 to 1998, using a large administrative dataset where we correct for spurious entries and exits of firms. We find that on average 9 out of 100 randomly selected jobs were created within the last year, and that about 9 out of randomly selected 100 jobs were destroyed within the next year. Hence, the magnitude of Austrian job flows seems to be comparable to other countries, similar to the well-known results of Davis et al. (1996) for the United States. Job reallocation appears to be driven primarily by idiosyncratic shocks. However, job creation increases significantly during cyclical upswings whereas job destruction rises in downturns. We also find substantial persistence of job creation and destruction. The pronounced pattern of job reallocation rates falling with firm size and age continues to hold when we use a set of controls. Finally, we show that – controlling for sector and firm size composition – Austrian job reallocation rates are only half the rates for the U.S. This result is not surprising given the impact of tighter regulation and labor law in Austria.     

也谈价值、分配等问题--与程恩富、汪桂进两位先生商榷

现实中的价值分配与价值创造相关,主张价值分配与价值创造无关是不正确的;社会主义市场经济中劳动者的资本收入具有劳动收入的性质,以为资本创造价值或者资本收入是非劳收入是不正确的;现阶段的按要素分配只是分配的表现形式,其实质则是按劳分配。     

对马克思按分配原则的反思

马克思的劳动价值论不仅是剩余价值的理论基础和分析资本主义分配的理论依据，同时也是马克思设想的社会主义按劳分配的逻辑起点。只是以往我们对按劳分配原则的最本质的含义理解不够透彻。实质上，应该说马克思设想的按劳分配原则最本质的内容包括三点，即在未来的社会主义社会中，个人消费品的分配以劳动量的大小为依据，等量劳动获取等量报酬，承认能力本位。在社会主义市场经济条件下的按劳分配原则，仍然没有偏离这三点本质的含义，但已经有了新的特点和形式。     

Inter-local relations and trans-scaling through finance in Poland

Inter-local cooperation is difficult to measure. In Poland, however, the data-set concerning financial transfers between local government budgets (one of the most popular quantitative measures of cooperation) has never been described in scientific literature. This paper aims at contributing to fill this gap. On the basis of the budget expenditures of all Polish local governments, we applied two research methods: OLS regression and Heckman two-stage regression. The results show that the decision whether to get into cooperation, and the decision on the extent of involvement are driven by different factors.     

中国劳动力市场户籍分割与企业人力资本投资的作用

我们运用2004年中国9省(市)企业员工培训和继续学习调查数据,验证中国劳动力市场存在户籍分割,并分析企业人力资本投资,即在职培训对处于不同层次劳动力市场的员工收入增长、职业发展的影响。得出以下结论：(1)中国存在由户籍制度造成的劳动力市场分割特征,农民工主要处于次要劳动力市场。(2)户籍对于员工参与企业在职培训以及培训的收益率都有显著影响；在其他条件相同情况下,城镇户籍员工比农民工的在职培训参与率和收益率都显著更高。(3)在职培训对于提高农民工收入具有显著的正的影响。(4)此前培训(进入本单位前接受的培训)对于农民工进入主要劳动力市场具有显著作用。     

Fiscal federalism in rentier regions: Evidence from Russia

When does sub-national fiscal autonomy prompt regional growth and recovery and, under what conditions, does it have adverse effects? We argue that unearned income streams, particularly in the form of revenues from natural resource production or from budgetary transfers from the central government, transform regions dependent on these income sources into rentier regions. Governments in these regions can use local control over revenues and expenditures to shelter certain firms, i.e., natural resource producers or loss-making enterprises, from market forces. Using fiscal data from 80 Russian regions from 1996 to 1999, we test this hypothesis in both cross-sectional and panel specifications. Our results indicate that tax retention, which is a proxy for fiscal autonomy, has had a positive effect on regional reform and investment since the break-up of the Soviet Union. However, we also find that this effect decreases as rentable income streams to regions increase. Journal of Comparative Economics 33 (4) (2005) 814–834.     

西部农村劳动力转移途径与对策

从西部的实际出发,借鉴发达国家农村剩余劳动力转移的成功经验,提出西部农村劳动力转移要发展农业产业化,促进农村劳动力在农业内部吸纳和农村内部转移;加快西部工业化进程,以产业发展带动就业;推进城镇化进程,以企业集聚带动人口集聚的途径与对策.     

北京市各区县劳动力产业分布比较优势统计分析

北京市各区县劳动力总量分布的产业差别是明显的,其分布是有规律可循的.因此,对于北京市各区县功能区的划分可以站在劳动力产业分布比较优势的角度,采用统计分析的方法,深入分析北京市已经形成的劳动力产业分布规律,从而为城市功能区的划分提供劳动力布局的依据.     

上市公司的关联交易及其信息披露

本文分析了上市公司的关联方关系和关联交易,针对目前存在的上市公司关联交易信息披露问题,提出了一些对策及解决办法。     

对我国农村教育现状及发展的思考

农村教育是中国教育改革和发展的重点。20世纪90年代中期之后,随着财政体制与农村经济状况的变化,农村教育出现了形势严峻、困难重重的状况。因此,大力发展农村教育,把沉重的人口负担转变为人力资源的优势,不仅是教育发展的重要目标,也是影响现代化建设进程的战略性任务。