江苏省耕地保护区划研究

文章以江苏省58个县级行政区为区划单元,应用主成分析法得出影响耕地保护的4个主成分,在此基础上应用聚类分析法初步得出耕地保护区,再结合定性分析最后确定六大耕地保护区。从区划结果看,与江苏省综合农业区划相一致,与客观实际能很好地吻合,说明应用综合数值分析模型研究耕地保护区划是成功的。最后,对得出的六大耕地保护区进行了简要的分析,为有计划分区制定耕地保护政策、措施提供了理论基础。     

土地供给市场化后的出让总收入及预测模型设计

国有土地出让招拍挂制度的实施开启了我国土地供给的市场化,更公平、透明地揭示了土地的市场价值,同时为地方政府带来了一定的城市发展建设资金。然而,现行财税制度却加剧了地方财政对土地出让收入的依赖,由此滋生的种种问题导致土地出让收入成为舆论焦点。本文采用格兰杰因果分析、脉冲检验、自回归滞后分布模型等方法,通过实证研究寻找宏观经济变量与土地出让总收入的相互影响及数量关系,并据此推导建立土地出让收入模型,预测土地出让收入的数量及变化趋势,为各界真正了解土地财政以及政府把握土地供给与经济发展之间的关系提供一个理论途径。     

土地职能和土地产权制度选择——中国土地产权私有化有效性质疑

本文明确反对土地私有化政策,并在重新界定土地职能的基础上,证明了土地私有化在带来生产增益和经济绩效改善的同时,必将对中国产生重大的不利影响。在中国的基本国情和当前生产力发展水平下,土地私有化将使中国爆发"马尔萨斯危机"的可能性处于不可控制的境地。另外,作为基础性制度安排的现有土地产权制度是中国特色经济发展模式的重要特征,是缓解经济危机失业压力的重要缓冲器。     

土地资源管理专业课程教学改革研究

为适应社会经济发展对土地资源管理人才的需求,有必要对当前土地资源管理专业课程教学存在的问题进行剖析。以河南理工大学为例,通过对我校土地资源管理专业教学现状分析,认为在课程体系设置、教学内容、实践性教学以及双语教学等方面还存在不足。以＂厚基础,宽口径,重能力,高素质＂为主导,土地资源管理专业课程教学改革应从学科定位、明确培养目标,优化课程结构体系,对部分授课内容进行整合,革新教学模式和方法,加强师资队伍建设以及完善双语教学等方面进行加强和完善。     

Land,Gender, and Food Security

Since 2008, a surge in large-scale land acquisitions, or land grabs, has been taking place in low- and middle-income countries around the globe. This contribution examines the gendered effects of and responses to these deals, drawing on nine studies, which include conceptual framing essays that bring in debates about human rights, studies that draw on previous waves of land acquisitions globally, and case studies that examine the gendered dimensions of land dispossession and loss of common property. Three key insights emerge: the evolving gender and land tenure literature provides valuable information for understanding the likely effects of land deals; some of the land deal issues transcend gender-equity concerns and relate to broader problems of dispossession and loss of livelihoods; and huge gaps remain in our knowledge of gender and land rights that require urgent attention and systematic integration of gender analysis into mainstream research.     

Trajectories in human domination of ecosystems: Human appropriation of net primary production in the Philippines during the 20th century

The “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP) has been suggested as a comprehensive indicator to measure impacts of human land use on ecosystems. It accounts for (a) human-induced changes in biological productivity and (b) biomass harvest. This study presents an analysis of aboveground HANPP in the Philippines between 1910 and 2003, a period characterized by massive deforestation and increases in land use intensity and biomass extraction. Results show a steep increase of aboveground HANPP from just below 35% of potential productivity in 1910 to slightly above 60% in 1970 and constant values since then. Large-scale changes in land cover and agricultural practices were the main direct determinants of this trajectory in HANPP. Remarkably, HANPP grew at much slower pace than population did: While the amount of NPP appropriated by humans doubled throughout the period, population increased by a factor ten. Increasing efficiency in terms of biomass extraction per unit of area, relying on ever-increasing inputs, and changes in the nation's physical biomass trade balance were of major importance for this difference in growth rates. In the coming decades, the Philippines will have to face the challenge to meet increases in biomass demand without putting even higher strains on the ecosystems.     

征地补偿中的农民权探讨

近现代所有权限制理论的发展,其实质是如何限制公权力滥用,大多表现为如何保障土地利用人的权利.各国征地补偿标准的发展无论是在实体还是程序方面都体现出对土地利用人的基本权利保障.以此为依据,我国目前的征地补偿在征收目的、标准,尤其是程序方面还缺乏系统、明确的规定.农民权的依法具体确定才是征地补偿之根本.     

The impacts of women's land ownership: Evidence from Vietnam

Women's equal access to and control over economic resources such as land are integral to achieve gender equality and sustainable economic development. This study evaluates the impacts of women's land ownership on various women's and household's outcomes in the context of Vietnam. We discuss the beneficial effects of allowing women to own more land on both women and their families. In particular, there is a positive association between women's land ownership and intra-household bargaining power in various aspects. In particular, the relationship is the strongest for women's autonomy in decisions regarding their children. It is also easier for land-holding women to formally access credit and invest in human capital. We further study the favorable effects of women's land ownership on their families in terms of spending and saving behaviors. Finally, women's land ownership also contributes to household social capital. These findings lend support to the passage and implementation of laws intended to grant women equal rights to the ownership and control over land.     

Analyzing Daqing＇s Urban Spatial Form Evolution： Basing on the Technology of RS and GIS

以我国目前最大石油城市——大庆市为研究对象,选取1984、1995、2007年3个城市建设关键时间节点,以Landsat MSS、TM卫星影像为主要数据源,利用GIS技术提取城市建设用地规模、形态、增长幅度、区位坐标等信息,计算城市空间扩张速度、强度、城市空间形态紧凑度、分维指数、城市增长理性程度等空间特征量,分析大庆市1984年以来城市空间扩张现象和特征,并结合经济社会统计相关数据及区域分析方法,探究其因果关系。研究认为,大庆市城市空间扩张与形态演化具有石油城市发展的典型性和一般规律,表现出建设用地总量大、扩张速度快、强度高、增量分布不均衡、空间形态不规则、紧凑度低、城市中心地迁移方向与用地扩张基本一致等特征。这些现象和特征的主要形成原因包括石油开发战略指向、自然环境约束、交通设施引导、城市规划调控、中心地功能变迁等五个方面。     

The future of farming: The value of ecosystem services in conventional and organic arable land. An experimental approach

In the current work, a novel, experimental ‘bottom-up’ approach is used to quantify the economic value of ecosystem services (ES) associated with highly modified arable landscapes in Canterbury, New Zealand. First, the role of land management practices in the maintenance and enhancement of ES in agricultural land was investigated by quantifying the economic value of ES at the field level under organic and conventional arable systems. This quantification was based on an experimental approach in contrast with earlier value transfer methods. Total economic value of ES in organic fields ranged from US $1610 to US $19,420 ha^− 1 yr^− 1 and that of conventional fields from US $1270 to US $14,570 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. The non-market value of ES in organic fields ranged from US $460 to US $5240 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. The range of non-market values of ES in conventional fields was US $50 — 1240 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. There were significant differences between organic and conventional fields for the economic values of some ES. Next, this economic information was used to extrapolate and to calculate the total and non-market value of ES in Canterbury arable land. The total annual economic and non-market values of ES for the conventional arable area in Canterbury (125,000 ha) were US $332 million and US $71 million, respectively. If half the arable area under conventional farming shifted to organic practices, the total economic value of ES would be US $192 million and US $166 million annually for organic and conventional arable area, respectively. In this case, the non-market value of ES for the organic area was US $65 million and that of conventional area was US $35 million annually. This study demonstrated that arable farming provides a range of ES which can be measured using field experiments based on ecological principles by incorporating a ‘bottom-up’ approach. The work also showed that conventional New Zealand arable farming practices can severely reduce the financial contribution of some of these services in agriculture whereas organic agricultural practices enhance their economic value.